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West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus enzootically maintained in birds. However, it can incidentally infect other species, leading to sometimes severe clinical consequences like in horses and especially human beings. Despite the topic relevance, the presence and distribution of WNV are cur...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34222404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.681354 |
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author | Molini, Umberto Franzo, Giovanni Nel, Hannah Khaiseb, Siegfried Ntahonshikira, Charles Chiwome, Bernard Baines, Ian Madzingira, Oscar Monaco, Federica Savini, Giovanni D'Alterio, Nicola |
author_facet | Molini, Umberto Franzo, Giovanni Nel, Hannah Khaiseb, Siegfried Ntahonshikira, Charles Chiwome, Bernard Baines, Ian Madzingira, Oscar Monaco, Federica Savini, Giovanni D'Alterio, Nicola |
author_sort | Molini, Umberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus enzootically maintained in birds. However, it can incidentally infect other species, leading to sometimes severe clinical consequences like in horses and especially human beings. Despite the topic relevance, the presence and distribution of WNV are currently unknown in Namibia. Several countries implement surveillance systems based on virus detection in birds, mosquitoes, and vertebrate species including horses. The present study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by serologically evaluating WNV exposure in Namibian donkeys, whose population is remarkably bigger than the horse one. Forty-seven out of 260 sampled animals showed neutralizing antibodies against WNV (18.07% [95% CI = 13.59–23.30%]), demonstrating its circulation in all country territory, although, with apparent regional differences. On the contrary, no association with animal age or sex could be identified. The present study demonstrates the widespread presence of WNV in Namibia as well as the practical utility and effectiveness of donkeys as sentinels for infection surveillance. Due to clinical relevance, vaccination campaigns should be considered for horses of high economic or genetic value. Additionally, the burden of WNV infection on human health should be carefully evaluated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8249584 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82495842021-07-03 West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia Molini, Umberto Franzo, Giovanni Nel, Hannah Khaiseb, Siegfried Ntahonshikira, Charles Chiwome, Bernard Baines, Ian Madzingira, Oscar Monaco, Federica Savini, Giovanni D'Alterio, Nicola Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus enzootically maintained in birds. However, it can incidentally infect other species, leading to sometimes severe clinical consequences like in horses and especially human beings. Despite the topic relevance, the presence and distribution of WNV are currently unknown in Namibia. Several countries implement surveillance systems based on virus detection in birds, mosquitoes, and vertebrate species including horses. The present study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by serologically evaluating WNV exposure in Namibian donkeys, whose population is remarkably bigger than the horse one. Forty-seven out of 260 sampled animals showed neutralizing antibodies against WNV (18.07% [95% CI = 13.59–23.30%]), demonstrating its circulation in all country territory, although, with apparent regional differences. On the contrary, no association with animal age or sex could be identified. The present study demonstrates the widespread presence of WNV in Namibia as well as the practical utility and effectiveness of donkeys as sentinels for infection surveillance. Due to clinical relevance, vaccination campaigns should be considered for horses of high economic or genetic value. Additionally, the burden of WNV infection on human health should be carefully evaluated. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8249584/ /pubmed/34222404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.681354 Text en Copyright © 2021 Molini, Franzo, Nel, Khaiseb, Ntahonshikira, Chiwome, Baines, Madzingira, Monaco, Savini and D'Alterio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Molini, Umberto Franzo, Giovanni Nel, Hannah Khaiseb, Siegfried Ntahonshikira, Charles Chiwome, Bernard Baines, Ian Madzingira, Oscar Monaco, Federica Savini, Giovanni D'Alterio, Nicola West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia |
title | West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia |
title_full | West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia |
title_fullStr | West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia |
title_full_unstemmed | West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia |
title_short | West Nile Virus Seroprevalence in a Selected Donkey Population of Namibia |
title_sort | west nile virus seroprevalence in a selected donkey population of namibia |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34222404 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.681354 |
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