Genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle and pork-production related environments

Three E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks have been attributed to contaminated pork in Alberta, Canada, recently. This study investigates the phylogenetic relatedness of E. coli O157:H7 from pigs, cattle, and pork-production environments for source attribution. Limited strain diversity was observed using five conventional subtyping methods, with most or all strains being in one subgroup. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed the recent ancestry of the isolates from all three sources. Most environmental isolates clustered closer with pig isolates than cattle isolates. Also, a direct link was observed between 2018-outbreak environmental isolates and isolates collected from a pig farm in 2018. The majority of pig isolates harbor only one Shiga toxin gene, stx(2a), while 70% (35/50) of the cattle isolates have both stx(1a) and stx(2a). The results show some E. coli O157:H7 strains could establish persistence on pig farms and as such, pigs can be a significant source of the organism.