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Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar

Anthropogenic noise can alter marine mammal behaviour and physiology, but little is known about cetacean cardiovascular responses to exposures, despite evidence that acoustic stressors, such as naval sonars, may lead to decompression sickness. Here, we measured heart rate and movements of two traine...

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Autores principales: Elmegaard, Siri L., McDonald, Birgitte I., Teilmann, Jonas, Madsen, Peter T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Company of Biologists Ltd 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34133736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.058679
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author Elmegaard, Siri L.
McDonald, Birgitte I.
Teilmann, Jonas
Madsen, Peter T.
author_facet Elmegaard, Siri L.
McDonald, Birgitte I.
Teilmann, Jonas
Madsen, Peter T.
author_sort Elmegaard, Siri L.
collection PubMed
description Anthropogenic noise can alter marine mammal behaviour and physiology, but little is known about cetacean cardiovascular responses to exposures, despite evidence that acoustic stressors, such as naval sonars, may lead to decompression sickness. Here, we measured heart rate and movements of two trained harbour porpoises during controlled exposure to 6–9 kHz sonar-like sweeps and 40 kHz peak-frequency noise pulses, designed to evoke acoustic startle responses. The porpoises initially responded to the sonar sweep with intensified bradycardia despite unaltered behaviour/movement, but habituated rapidly to the stimuli. In contrast, 40 kHz noise pulses consistently evoked rapid muscle flinches (indicative of startles), but no behavioural or heart rate changes. We conclude that the autonomous startle response appears decoupled from, or overridden by, cardiac regulation in diving porpoises, whereas certain novel stimuli may motivate oxygen-conserving cardiovascular measures. Such responses to sound exposure may contribute to gas mismanagement for deeper-diving cetaceans.
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spelling pubmed-82499082021-07-06 Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar Elmegaard, Siri L. McDonald, Birgitte I. Teilmann, Jonas Madsen, Peter T. Biol Open Research Article Anthropogenic noise can alter marine mammal behaviour and physiology, but little is known about cetacean cardiovascular responses to exposures, despite evidence that acoustic stressors, such as naval sonars, may lead to decompression sickness. Here, we measured heart rate and movements of two trained harbour porpoises during controlled exposure to 6–9 kHz sonar-like sweeps and 40 kHz peak-frequency noise pulses, designed to evoke acoustic startle responses. The porpoises initially responded to the sonar sweep with intensified bradycardia despite unaltered behaviour/movement, but habituated rapidly to the stimuli. In contrast, 40 kHz noise pulses consistently evoked rapid muscle flinches (indicative of startles), but no behavioural or heart rate changes. We conclude that the autonomous startle response appears decoupled from, or overridden by, cardiac regulation in diving porpoises, whereas certain novel stimuli may motivate oxygen-conserving cardiovascular measures. Such responses to sound exposure may contribute to gas mismanagement for deeper-diving cetaceans. The Company of Biologists Ltd 2021-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8249908/ /pubmed/34133736 http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.058679 Text en © 2021. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Research Article
Elmegaard, Siri L.
McDonald, Birgitte I.
Teilmann, Jonas
Madsen, Peter T.
Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
title Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
title_full Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
title_fullStr Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
title_full_unstemmed Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
title_short Heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
title_sort heart rate and startle responses in diving, captive harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena) exposed to transient noise and sonar
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34133736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.058679
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