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The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease
While great progress has been made in the understanding of neurological illnesses, the pathologies, and etiologies that give rise to these diseases still remain an enigma, thus, also making treatments for them more challenging. For effective and individualized treatment, it is beneficial to identify...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249927/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34220586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679960 |
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author | Nahar, Lailun Delacroix, Blake M. Nam, Hyung W. |
author_facet | Nahar, Lailun Delacroix, Blake M. Nam, Hyung W. |
author_sort | Nahar, Lailun |
collection | PubMed |
description | While great progress has been made in the understanding of neurological illnesses, the pathologies, and etiologies that give rise to these diseases still remain an enigma, thus, also making treatments for them more challenging. For effective and individualized treatment, it is beneficial to identify the underlying mechanisms that govern the associated cognitive and behavioral processes that go awry in neurological disorders. Parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons (Pv-FSI) are GABAergic cells that are only a small fraction of the brain's neuronal network, but manifest unique cellular and molecular properties that drastically influence the downstream effects on signaling and ultimately change cognitive behaviors. Proper brain functioning relies heavily on neuronal communication which Pv-FSI regulates, excitatory-inhibitory balances and GABAergic disinhibition between circuitries. This review highlights the depth of Pv-FSI involvement in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, as it pertains to expression, neurotransmission, role in neurological disorders, and dysfunction, as well as cognitive behavior and reward-seeking. Recent research has indicated that Pv-FSI play pivotal roles in the molecular pathophysiology and cognitive-behavioral deficits that are core features of many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and drug addiction. This suggests that Pv-FSI could be viable targets for treatment of these disorders and thus calls for further examination of the undeniable impact Pv-FSI have on the brain and cognitive behavior. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8249927 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82499272021-07-03 The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease Nahar, Lailun Delacroix, Blake M. Nam, Hyung W. Front Psychiatry Psychiatry While great progress has been made in the understanding of neurological illnesses, the pathologies, and etiologies that give rise to these diseases still remain an enigma, thus, also making treatments for them more challenging. For effective and individualized treatment, it is beneficial to identify the underlying mechanisms that govern the associated cognitive and behavioral processes that go awry in neurological disorders. Parvalbumin fast-spiking interneurons (Pv-FSI) are GABAergic cells that are only a small fraction of the brain's neuronal network, but manifest unique cellular and molecular properties that drastically influence the downstream effects on signaling and ultimately change cognitive behaviors. Proper brain functioning relies heavily on neuronal communication which Pv-FSI regulates, excitatory-inhibitory balances and GABAergic disinhibition between circuitries. This review highlights the depth of Pv-FSI involvement in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, as it pertains to expression, neurotransmission, role in neurological disorders, and dysfunction, as well as cognitive behavior and reward-seeking. Recent research has indicated that Pv-FSI play pivotal roles in the molecular pathophysiology and cognitive-behavioral deficits that are core features of many psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and drug addiction. This suggests that Pv-FSI could be viable targets for treatment of these disorders and thus calls for further examination of the undeniable impact Pv-FSI have on the brain and cognitive behavior. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8249927/ /pubmed/34220586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679960 Text en Copyright © 2021 Nahar, Delacroix and Nam. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Nahar, Lailun Delacroix, Blake M. Nam, Hyung W. The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease |
title | The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease |
title_full | The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease |
title_fullStr | The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease |
title_short | The Role of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Neurotransmitter Balance and Neurological Disease |
title_sort | role of parvalbumin interneurons in neurotransmitter balance and neurological disease |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8249927/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34220586 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679960 |
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