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Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in regulating the GC reaction and, consequently, the generation of high‐affinity antibodies and memory B cells. Therefore, Tfh cells are critical for potent humoral immune responses against various pathogens and their dysregulation has been link...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Baumjohann, Dirk, Fazilleau, Nicolas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8250352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33788271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049148
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author Baumjohann, Dirk
Fazilleau, Nicolas
author_facet Baumjohann, Dirk
Fazilleau, Nicolas
author_sort Baumjohann, Dirk
collection PubMed
description T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in regulating the GC reaction and, consequently, the generation of high‐affinity antibodies and memory B cells. Therefore, Tfh cells are critical for potent humoral immune responses against various pathogens and their dysregulation has been linked to autoimmunity and cancer. Tfh cell differentiation is a multistep process, in which cognate interactions with different APC types, costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways, as well as cytokines are involved. However, it is still not fully understood how a subset of activated CD4(+) T cells begins to express the Tfh cell‐defining chemokine receptor CXCR5 during the early stage of the immune response, how some CXCR5(+) pre‐Tfh cells enter the B‐cell follicles and mature further into GC Tfh cells, and how Tfh cells are maintained in the memory compartment. In this review, we discuss recent advances on how antigen and cognate interactions are important for Tfh cell differentiation and long‐term persistence of Tfh cell memory, and how this is relevant to the current understanding of COVID‐19 pathogenesis and the development of potent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
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spelling pubmed-82503522021-07-02 Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination Baumjohann, Dirk Fazilleau, Nicolas Eur J Immunol Highlights T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in regulating the GC reaction and, consequently, the generation of high‐affinity antibodies and memory B cells. Therefore, Tfh cells are critical for potent humoral immune responses against various pathogens and their dysregulation has been linked to autoimmunity and cancer. Tfh cell differentiation is a multistep process, in which cognate interactions with different APC types, costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways, as well as cytokines are involved. However, it is still not fully understood how a subset of activated CD4(+) T cells begins to express the Tfh cell‐defining chemokine receptor CXCR5 during the early stage of the immune response, how some CXCR5(+) pre‐Tfh cells enter the B‐cell follicles and mature further into GC Tfh cells, and how Tfh cells are maintained in the memory compartment. In this review, we discuss recent advances on how antigen and cognate interactions are important for Tfh cell differentiation and long‐term persistence of Tfh cell memory, and how this is relevant to the current understanding of COVID‐19 pathogenesis and the development of potent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-04-09 2021-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8250352/ /pubmed/33788271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049148 Text en © 2021 The Authors. European Journal of Immunology published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Highlights
Baumjohann, Dirk
Fazilleau, Nicolas
Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
title Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
title_full Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
title_fullStr Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
title_short Antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination
title_sort antigen‐dependent multistep differentiation of t follicular helper cells and its role in sars‐cov‐2 infection and vaccination
topic Highlights
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8250352/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33788271
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.202049148
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