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MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives

The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Qiao, Zhi, Lissel, Franziska
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8251880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33657276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202100044
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author Qiao, Zhi
Lissel, Franziska
author_facet Qiao, Zhi
Lissel, Franziska
author_sort Qiao, Zhi
collection PubMed
description The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and “MALDI silent”, i. e., do not give matrix‐related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well‐known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial‐based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode.
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spelling pubmed-82518802021-07-07 MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives Qiao, Zhi Lissel, Franziska Chem Asian J Minireviews The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and “MALDI silent”, i. e., do not give matrix‐related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well‐known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial‐based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-03-19 2021-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8251880/ /pubmed/33657276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202100044 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Chemistry - An Asian Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Minireviews
Qiao, Zhi
Lissel, Franziska
MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
title MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
title_full MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
title_fullStr MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
title_short MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
title_sort maldi matrices for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds: rational design, challenges and perspectives
topic Minireviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8251880/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33657276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202100044
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