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Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has had major impact on human health worldwide. Whilst national and international COVID-19 lockdown and travel restriction measures have had widespread negative impact on economies and mental health, they may have beneficial effect on the environment, reducing air...

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Autores principales: Jani, Kunal, Bandal, Jayshree, Shouche, Yogesh, Shafi, Shuja, Azhar, Esam I., Zumla, Alimuddin, Sharma, Avinash
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8255117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34219185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01781-0
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author Jani, Kunal
Bandal, Jayshree
Shouche, Yogesh
Shafi, Shuja
Azhar, Esam I.
Zumla, Alimuddin
Sharma, Avinash
author_facet Jani, Kunal
Bandal, Jayshree
Shouche, Yogesh
Shafi, Shuja
Azhar, Esam I.
Zumla, Alimuddin
Sharma, Avinash
author_sort Jani, Kunal
collection PubMed
description The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has had major impact on human health worldwide. Whilst national and international COVID-19 lockdown and travel restriction measures have had widespread negative impact on economies and mental health, they may have beneficial effect on the environment, reducing air and water pollution. Mass bathing events (MBE) also known as Kumbh Mela are known to cause perturbations of the ecosystem affecting resilient bacterial populations within water of rivers in India. Lockdowns and travel restrictions provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of minimum anthropogenic activity on the river water ecosystem and changes in bacterial populations including antibiotic-resistant strains. We performed a spatiotemporal meta-analysis of bacterial communities of the Godavari River, India. Targeted metagenomics revealed a 0.87-fold increase in the bacterial diversity during the restricted activity of lockdown. A significant increase in the resilient phyla, viz. Proteobacteria (70.6%), Bacteroidetes (22.5%), Verrucomicrobia (1.8%), Actinobacteria (1.2%) and Cyanobacteria (1.1%), was observed. There was minimal incorporation of allochthonous bacterial communities of human origin. Functional profiling using imputed metagenomics showed reduction in infection and drug resistance genes by − 0.71-fold and − 0.64-fold, respectively. These observations may collectively indicate the positive implications of COVID-19 lockdown measures which restrict MBE, allowing restoration of the river ecosystem and minimise the associated public health risk. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-021-01781-0.
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spelling pubmed-82551172021-07-06 Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis Jani, Kunal Bandal, Jayshree Shouche, Yogesh Shafi, Shuja Azhar, Esam I. Zumla, Alimuddin Sharma, Avinash Microb Ecol Environmental Microbiology The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has had major impact on human health worldwide. Whilst national and international COVID-19 lockdown and travel restriction measures have had widespread negative impact on economies and mental health, they may have beneficial effect on the environment, reducing air and water pollution. Mass bathing events (MBE) also known as Kumbh Mela are known to cause perturbations of the ecosystem affecting resilient bacterial populations within water of rivers in India. Lockdowns and travel restrictions provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of minimum anthropogenic activity on the river water ecosystem and changes in bacterial populations including antibiotic-resistant strains. We performed a spatiotemporal meta-analysis of bacterial communities of the Godavari River, India. Targeted metagenomics revealed a 0.87-fold increase in the bacterial diversity during the restricted activity of lockdown. A significant increase in the resilient phyla, viz. Proteobacteria (70.6%), Bacteroidetes (22.5%), Verrucomicrobia (1.8%), Actinobacteria (1.2%) and Cyanobacteria (1.1%), was observed. There was minimal incorporation of allochthonous bacterial communities of human origin. Functional profiling using imputed metagenomics showed reduction in infection and drug resistance genes by − 0.71-fold and − 0.64-fold, respectively. These observations may collectively indicate the positive implications of COVID-19 lockdown measures which restrict MBE, allowing restoration of the river ecosystem and minimise the associated public health risk. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00248-021-01781-0. Springer US 2021-07-05 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8255117/ /pubmed/34219185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01781-0 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Environmental Microbiology
Jani, Kunal
Bandal, Jayshree
Shouche, Yogesh
Shafi, Shuja
Azhar, Esam I.
Zumla, Alimuddin
Sharma, Avinash
Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis
title Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis
title_full Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis
title_fullStr Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis
title_short Extended Ecological Restoration of Bacterial Communities in the Godavari River During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: a Spatiotemporal Meta-analysis
title_sort extended ecological restoration of bacterial communities in the godavari river during the covid-19 lockdown period: a spatiotemporal meta-analysis
topic Environmental Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8255117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34219185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01781-0
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