Breast Cancer Treatment in a Patient with Decubitus Ulcer Infection Secondary to Spina Bifida: Surgical Resection versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Spina bifida (SB) is a congenital neural tube defect that often presents with neurological disability and decubitus ulcers. A 66-year-old woman with SB presented to our hospital with decubitus ulcers and was treated by a plastic surgeon. She was referred to our department because of a mass measuring 5 × 4 cm in the superolateral quadrant of the right breast. The size of the right axillary lymph node (LN) was 2 × 1 cm. A core-needle biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma. Total mastectomy and axillary LN dissection were planned. However, 2 days prior to surgery, the size of the mass and the LN rapidly increased to 7 × 4 cm and 3 × 2 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the enlarged LN was close to the thoracodorsal artery. Since complete resection was difficult, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was also administered. On day 11 of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient was febrile and developed a decubitus ulcer infection at the buttock. The neutrophil count was within normal limits; thus, she was not diagnosed with febrile neutropenia. Follow-up computed tomography revealed a shrinking of the mass to 5 × 4 cm after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After 17 days of antibiotic therapy and drainage, total mastectomy and axillary LN dissection were performed. Due to the risk of recurrence of infection, adjuvant chemotherapy was discontinued and hormone therapy was initiated. In conclusion, indications for chemotherapy should be carefully evaluated in SB patients with lower limb paralysis and decubitus ulcers.