Proportional Assist Ventilation Improves Leg Muscle Reoxygenation After Exercise in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscle unloading through proportional assist ventilation (PAV) may enhance leg oxygen delivery, thereby speeding off-exercise oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) kinetics in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS: Ten male patients (HFrEF = 26 ± 9%, age 50 ± 13 years, and body mass index 25 ± 3 kg m(2)) underwent two constant work rate tests at 80% peak of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to tolerance under PAV and sham ventilation. Post-exercise kinetics of [Formula: see text] , vastus lateralis deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb + Mb]) by near-infrared spectroscopy, and cardiac output (Q(T)) by impedance cardiography were assessed. RESULTS: PAV prolonged exercise tolerance compared with sham (587 ± 390 s vs. 444 ± 296 s, respectively; p = 0.01). PAV significantly accelerated [Formula: see text] recovery (τ = 56 ± 22 s vs. 77 ± 42 s; p < 0.05), being associated with a faster decline in Δ[deoxy-Hb + Mb] and Q(T) compared with sham (τ = 31 ± 19 s vs. 42 ± 22 s and 39 ± 22 s vs. 78 ± 46 s, p < 0.05). Faster off-exercise decrease in Q(T) with PAV was related to longer exercise duration (r = −0.76; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PAV accelerates the recovery of central hemodynamics and muscle oxygenation in HFrEF. These beneficial effects might prove useful to improve the tolerance to repeated exercise during cardiac rehabilitation.