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Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is characterised by the presence of diminished skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is relatively common in older adults as ageing is associated with anabolic resistance (a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to dietary protein consumption and resistance exercise). Therefore, inter...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8256992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34235167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.656730 |
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author | de Marco Castro, Elena Murphy, Caoileann H. Roche, Helen M. |
author_facet | de Marco Castro, Elena Murphy, Caoileann H. Roche, Helen M. |
author_sort | de Marco Castro, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sarcopenia is characterised by the presence of diminished skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is relatively common in older adults as ageing is associated with anabolic resistance (a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to dietary protein consumption and resistance exercise). Therefore, interventions to counteract anabolic resistance may benefit sarcopenia prevention and are of utmost importance in the present ageing population. There is growing speculation that the gut microbiota may contribute to sarcopenia, as ageing is also associated with [1) dysbiosis, whereby the gut microbiota becomes less diverse, lacking in healthy butyrate-producing microorganisms and higher in pathogenic bacteria, and [2) loss of epithelial tight junction integrity in the lining of the gut, leading to increased gut permeability and higher metabolic endotoxemia. Animal data suggest that both elements may impact muscle physiology, but human data corroborating the causality of the association between gut microbiota and muscle mass and strength are lacking. Mechanisms wherein the gut microbiota may alter anabolic resistance include an attenuation of gut-derived low-grade inflammation and/or the increased digestibility of protein-containing foods and consequent higher aminoacidemia, both in favour of muscle protein synthesis. This review focuses on the putative links between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle in the context of sarcopenia. We also address the issue of plant protein digestibility because plant proteins are increasingly important from an environmental sustainability perspective, yet they are less efficient at stimulating muscle protein synthesis than animal proteins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8256992 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82569922021-07-06 Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia de Marco Castro, Elena Murphy, Caoileann H. Roche, Helen M. Front Nutr Nutrition Sarcopenia is characterised by the presence of diminished skeletal muscle mass and strength. It is relatively common in older adults as ageing is associated with anabolic resistance (a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to dietary protein consumption and resistance exercise). Therefore, interventions to counteract anabolic resistance may benefit sarcopenia prevention and are of utmost importance in the present ageing population. There is growing speculation that the gut microbiota may contribute to sarcopenia, as ageing is also associated with [1) dysbiosis, whereby the gut microbiota becomes less diverse, lacking in healthy butyrate-producing microorganisms and higher in pathogenic bacteria, and [2) loss of epithelial tight junction integrity in the lining of the gut, leading to increased gut permeability and higher metabolic endotoxemia. Animal data suggest that both elements may impact muscle physiology, but human data corroborating the causality of the association between gut microbiota and muscle mass and strength are lacking. Mechanisms wherein the gut microbiota may alter anabolic resistance include an attenuation of gut-derived low-grade inflammation and/or the increased digestibility of protein-containing foods and consequent higher aminoacidemia, both in favour of muscle protein synthesis. This review focuses on the putative links between the gut microbiota and skeletal muscle in the context of sarcopenia. We also address the issue of plant protein digestibility because plant proteins are increasingly important from an environmental sustainability perspective, yet they are less efficient at stimulating muscle protein synthesis than animal proteins. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8256992/ /pubmed/34235167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.656730 Text en Copyright © 2021 de Marco Castro, Murphy and Roche. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition de Marco Castro, Elena Murphy, Caoileann H. Roche, Helen M. Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia |
title | Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia |
title_full | Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia |
title_fullStr | Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia |
title_full_unstemmed | Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia |
title_short | Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Improve Dietary Protein Efficacy to Mitigate Sarcopenia |
title_sort | targeting the gut microbiota to improve dietary protein efficacy to mitigate sarcopenia |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8256992/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34235167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.656730 |
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