Gedächtnisambulanzen in Deutschland – strukturell-organisatorische Voraussetzungen und Aufgabenfelder

BACKGROUND: Memory clinics (MC) are institutions specialized in the (differential) diagnostics, treatment, education, management and counseling of diseases related to dementia and their risk stages. In Germany, they have a variety of different organizational forms. Due to the growing diagnostic options in neurodegenerative diseases, the increasing demand for early detection and prediction as well as foreseeable new diagnostic procedures and disease-modifying treatment, it is important to standardize the structural prerequisites and areas of responsibility of MC. OBJECTIVE: The article proposes structural and organizational requirements and procedures and a harmonized mode of operation for MC in Germany. METHOD: Expert consensus of psychiatrists, neurologists and geriatricians from academic and nonacademic institutions. RESULTS: The MC should provide the specialist standards of psychiatry and/or neurology. They need to implement the recommendations of the national guidelines on dementia (S3LL) with respect to the (differential) diagnostics and treatment of dementia. With respect to the early detection and prediction of neurodegenerative disorders, they extend beyond the current German guideline standards. In MC, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is understood as an at-risk or prodromal stage of diseases related to dementia and biomarkers are consistently applied for etiological (early and differential) diagnostics. There is a requirement for close interaction with specialized diagnostic disciplines. Furthermore, MC should also offer comprehensive advice on social and legal issues and provide caregiver support. They should integrate current knowledge from research into care and serve as regional expert centers. CONCLUSION: The MC should implement evidence-based standards in diagnostics and treatment and introduce innovations in the care of patients with cognitive disorders and at-risk and prodromal stages. Their role in the German healthcare system must be strengthened. Sufficient and sustained funding needs to be established, since current reimbursement does not cover costs.