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Arginine-dependent immune responses
A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a build...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8257534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34037806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4 |
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author | Martí i Líndez, Adrià-Arnau Reith, Walter |
author_facet | Martí i Líndez, Adrià-Arnau Reith, Walter |
author_sort | Martí i Líndez, Adrià-Arnau |
collection | PubMed |
description | A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8257534 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82575342021-07-09 Arginine-dependent immune responses Martí i Líndez, Adrià-Arnau Reith, Walter Cell Mol Life Sci Review A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer. Springer International Publishing 2021-05-26 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8257534/ /pubmed/34037806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Martí i Líndez, Adrià-Arnau Reith, Walter Arginine-dependent immune responses |
title | Arginine-dependent immune responses |
title_full | Arginine-dependent immune responses |
title_fullStr | Arginine-dependent immune responses |
title_full_unstemmed | Arginine-dependent immune responses |
title_short | Arginine-dependent immune responses |
title_sort | arginine-dependent immune responses |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8257534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34037806 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT martiilindezadriaarnau argininedependentimmuneresponses AT reithwalter argininedependentimmuneresponses |