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Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xiu Juan, Lau, Yi Han, Wang, Yu Meng, Kam, Ka Wai, Ip, Patrick, Yip, Wilson W., Ko, Simon T., Young, Alvin L., Tham, Clement C., Pang, Chi Pui, Chen, Li Jia, Yam, Jason C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8257606/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34226578
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93131-w
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author Zhang, Xiu Juan
Lau, Yi Han
Wang, Yu Meng
Kam, Ka Wai
Ip, Patrick
Yip, Wilson W.
Ko, Simon T.
Young, Alvin L.
Tham, Clement C.
Pang, Chi Pui
Chen, Li Jia
Yam, Jason C.
author_facet Zhang, Xiu Juan
Lau, Yi Han
Wang, Yu Meng
Kam, Ka Wai
Ip, Patrick
Yip, Wilson W.
Ko, Simon T.
Young, Alvin L.
Tham, Clement C.
Pang, Chi Pui
Chen, Li Jia
Yam, Jason C.
author_sort Zhang, Xiu Juan
collection PubMed
description The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination. Demographic information, pre- and post- natal background, parental smoking status, and family history of strabismus were obtained through questionnaires. Strabismus was found among 133 children (3.11%, 95% CI 2.59–3.63%), including 117 (2.74%) exotropia and 12 (0.28%) esotropia cases (exotropia-esotropia ratio: 9.75:1). There was no significant difference in prevalence across age (6–8 years) and gender. Multivariate analysis revealed associations of strabismus with myopia (≤ − 1.00D; OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037) hyperopia (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42–4.39; P = 0.002), astigmatism (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.36–3.94; P = 0.002), and anisometropia (≥ 2.00D; OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.36–7.55; P = 0.008). Other risk factors for strabismus included maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.80–9.81; P = 0.001), family history of strabismus (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.78–14.50, P < 0.0001) and advanced maternal age at childbirth (> 35 years; OR 1.65; CI 1.09–2.49, P = 0.018). The prevalence of strabismus among children aged 6—8 years in Hong Kong is 3.11%. Refractive errors, family history of strabismus and maternal smoking history during pregnancy are risk factors. Early correction of refractive errors and avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy are potentially helpful in preventing strabismus.
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spelling pubmed-82576062021-07-06 Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study Zhang, Xiu Juan Lau, Yi Han Wang, Yu Meng Kam, Ka Wai Ip, Patrick Yip, Wilson W. Ko, Simon T. Young, Alvin L. Tham, Clement C. Pang, Chi Pui Chen, Li Jia Yam, Jason C. Sci Rep Article The study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination. Demographic information, pre- and post- natal background, parental smoking status, and family history of strabismus were obtained through questionnaires. Strabismus was found among 133 children (3.11%, 95% CI 2.59–3.63%), including 117 (2.74%) exotropia and 12 (0.28%) esotropia cases (exotropia-esotropia ratio: 9.75:1). There was no significant difference in prevalence across age (6–8 years) and gender. Multivariate analysis revealed associations of strabismus with myopia (≤ − 1.00D; OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037) hyperopia (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42–4.39; P = 0.002), astigmatism (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.36–3.94; P = 0.002), and anisometropia (≥ 2.00D; OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.36–7.55; P = 0.008). Other risk factors for strabismus included maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.80–9.81; P = 0.001), family history of strabismus (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.78–14.50, P < 0.0001) and advanced maternal age at childbirth (> 35 years; OR 1.65; CI 1.09–2.49, P = 0.018). The prevalence of strabismus among children aged 6—8 years in Hong Kong is 3.11%. Refractive errors, family history of strabismus and maternal smoking history during pregnancy are risk factors. Early correction of refractive errors and avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy are potentially helpful in preventing strabismus. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8257606/ /pubmed/34226578 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93131-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Xiu Juan
Lau, Yi Han
Wang, Yu Meng
Kam, Ka Wai
Ip, Patrick
Yip, Wilson W.
Ko, Simon T.
Young, Alvin L.
Tham, Clement C.
Pang, Chi Pui
Chen, Li Jia
Yam, Jason C.
Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_full Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_fullStr Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_short Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study
title_sort prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: the hong kong children eye study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8257606/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34226578
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93131-w
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