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Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians

Emerging infectious disease is a key factor in the loss of amphibian diversity. In particular, the disease chytridiomycosis has caused severe declines around the world. The lethal fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has affected amphibians in many diffe...

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Autores principales: Sheets, Ciara N., Schmidt, Deena R., Hurtado, Paul J., Byrne, Allison Q., Rosenblum, Erica Bree, Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L., Voyles, Jamie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8258153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34239916
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.687084
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author Sheets, Ciara N.
Schmidt, Deena R.
Hurtado, Paul J.
Byrne, Allison Q.
Rosenblum, Erica Bree
Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L.
Voyles, Jamie
author_facet Sheets, Ciara N.
Schmidt, Deena R.
Hurtado, Paul J.
Byrne, Allison Q.
Rosenblum, Erica Bree
Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L.
Voyles, Jamie
author_sort Sheets, Ciara N.
collection PubMed
description Emerging infectious disease is a key factor in the loss of amphibian diversity. In particular, the disease chytridiomycosis has caused severe declines around the world. The lethal fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has affected amphibians in many different environments. One primary question for researchers grappling with disease-induced losses of amphibian biodiversity is what abiotic factors drive Bd pathogenicity in different environments. To study environmental influences on Bd pathogenicity, we quantified responses of Bd phenotypic traits (e.g., viability, zoospore densities, growth rates, and carrying capacities) over a range of environmental temperatures to generate thermal performance curves. We selected multiple Bd isolates that belong to a single genetic lineage but that were collected across a latitudinal gradient. For the population viability, we found that the isolates had similar thermal optima at 21°C, but there was considerable variation among the isolates in maximum viability at that temperature. Additionally, we found the densities of infectious zoospores varied among isolates across all temperatures. Our results suggest that temperatures across geographic point of origin (latitude) may explain some of the variation in Bd viability through vertical shifts in maximal performance. However, the same pattern was not evident for other reproductive parameters (zoospore densities, growth rates, fecundity), underscoring the importance of measuring multiple traits to understand variation in pathogen responses to environmental conditions. We suggest that variation among Bd genetic variants due to environmental factors may be an important determinant of disease dynamics for amphibians across a range of diverse environments.
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spelling pubmed-82581532021-07-07 Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians Sheets, Ciara N. Schmidt, Deena R. Hurtado, Paul J. Byrne, Allison Q. Rosenblum, Erica Bree Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L. Voyles, Jamie Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Emerging infectious disease is a key factor in the loss of amphibian diversity. In particular, the disease chytridiomycosis has caused severe declines around the world. The lethal fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has affected amphibians in many different environments. One primary question for researchers grappling with disease-induced losses of amphibian biodiversity is what abiotic factors drive Bd pathogenicity in different environments. To study environmental influences on Bd pathogenicity, we quantified responses of Bd phenotypic traits (e.g., viability, zoospore densities, growth rates, and carrying capacities) over a range of environmental temperatures to generate thermal performance curves. We selected multiple Bd isolates that belong to a single genetic lineage but that were collected across a latitudinal gradient. For the population viability, we found that the isolates had similar thermal optima at 21°C, but there was considerable variation among the isolates in maximum viability at that temperature. Additionally, we found the densities of infectious zoospores varied among isolates across all temperatures. Our results suggest that temperatures across geographic point of origin (latitude) may explain some of the variation in Bd viability through vertical shifts in maximal performance. However, the same pattern was not evident for other reproductive parameters (zoospore densities, growth rates, fecundity), underscoring the importance of measuring multiple traits to understand variation in pathogen responses to environmental conditions. We suggest that variation among Bd genetic variants due to environmental factors may be an important determinant of disease dynamics for amphibians across a range of diverse environments. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8258153/ /pubmed/34239916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.687084 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sheets, Schmidt, Hurtado, Byrne, Rosenblum, Richards-Zawacki and Voyles. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Sheets, Ciara N.
Schmidt, Deena R.
Hurtado, Paul J.
Byrne, Allison Q.
Rosenblum, Erica Bree
Richards-Zawacki, Corinne L.
Voyles, Jamie
Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
title Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
title_full Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
title_fullStr Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
title_full_unstemmed Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
title_short Thermal Performance Curves of Multiple Isolates of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a Lethal Pathogen of Amphibians
title_sort thermal performance curves of multiple isolates of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a lethal pathogen of amphibians
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8258153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34239916
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.687084
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