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High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity
High concentrations of environmental ammonia can cause reduced immunity and death in fish, causing enormous economic losses. Air‐breathing fish usually have a high ammonia tolerance and are very suitable for high‐density fish farming. However, research on the effects of environmental ammonia on air‐...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8258188/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34257919 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7675 |
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author | Zhang, Yun‐Long Shang, Ze‐Hao Wang, Guang‐Yi You, Kun Mi, Di |
author_facet | Zhang, Yun‐Long Shang, Ze‐Hao Wang, Guang‐Yi You, Kun Mi, Di |
author_sort | Zhang, Yun‐Long |
collection | PubMed |
description | High concentrations of environmental ammonia can cause reduced immunity and death in fish, causing enormous economic losses. Air‐breathing fish usually have a high ammonia tolerance and are very suitable for high‐density fish farming. However, research on the effects of environmental ammonia on air‐breathing fish immunity is lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmental ammonia on the immunity of large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) by exposing fish to 30 mmol/L NH(4)Cl solution and subsequently analyzing the changes in serum and liver immune indicators, including total protein, albumin, globulin, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, lysozyme, complement component (C) 3 and C4, heat shock protein (HSP) 70, HSP90, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐12. Results revealed that ammonia exposure significantly affected the total protein, albumin, globulin, IgM, complement C3 and C4, HSP70, HSP90, and inflammatory cytokine contents in the body, indicating that ammonia exposure induced a significant immune response and lowered bodily immunity. However, most of the immune indicators significantly decreased in the later stages of the experiment, suggesting a weakened immune response, which may be due to the species‐specific ammonia detoxification ability of large‐scale loach that reduces ammonia toxicity in the body. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8258188 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82581882021-07-12 High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity Zhang, Yun‐Long Shang, Ze‐Hao Wang, Guang‐Yi You, Kun Mi, Di Ecol Evol Original Research High concentrations of environmental ammonia can cause reduced immunity and death in fish, causing enormous economic losses. Air‐breathing fish usually have a high ammonia tolerance and are very suitable for high‐density fish farming. However, research on the effects of environmental ammonia on air‐breathing fish immunity is lacking. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmental ammonia on the immunity of large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) by exposing fish to 30 mmol/L NH(4)Cl solution and subsequently analyzing the changes in serum and liver immune indicators, including total protein, albumin, globulin, immunoglobulin (Ig) M, lysozyme, complement component (C) 3 and C4, heat shock protein (HSP) 70, HSP90, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐12. Results revealed that ammonia exposure significantly affected the total protein, albumin, globulin, IgM, complement C3 and C4, HSP70, HSP90, and inflammatory cytokine contents in the body, indicating that ammonia exposure induced a significant immune response and lowered bodily immunity. However, most of the immune indicators significantly decreased in the later stages of the experiment, suggesting a weakened immune response, which may be due to the species‐specific ammonia detoxification ability of large‐scale loach that reduces ammonia toxicity in the body. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8258188/ /pubmed/34257919 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7675 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Zhang, Yun‐Long Shang, Ze‐Hao Wang, Guang‐Yi You, Kun Mi, Di High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
title | High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
title_full | High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
title_fullStr | High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
title_full_unstemmed | High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
title_short | High concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
title_sort | high concentrations of environmental ammonia induced changes in large‐scale loach (paramisgurnus dabryanus) immunity |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8258188/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34257919 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7675 |
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