Efficacy of Nebulized Glycopyrrolate on Lung Hyperinflation in Patients with COPD

INTRODUCTION: Lung hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with activity limitation, impaired cardiac output, and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) delivered by dry powder inhalers can promote lung deflation; however, the potential of nebulized LAMAs on improving hyperinflation in COPD is currently unknown. METHODS: This single-center, randomized, double-blind, two-way crossover study (NCT04155047) evaluated the efficacy of a single dose of nebulized LAMA [glycopyrrolate (GLY) 25 µg] versus placebo in patients with COPD and lung hyperinflation. Patients with moderate-to-severe COPD and a residual volume (RV) ≥ 130% of predicted normal were included. The primary endpoint was changed from baseline in RV at 6 h post-treatment. Other endpoints included changes from baseline in spirometric and plethysmographic measures up to 6 h post-treatment. RESULTS: A total of 22 patients (mean pre-bronchodilator RV, 153.7% of predicted normal) were included. The primary objective of the study was not met; the placebo-adjusted least squares (LS) mean [95% confidence interval (CI) change from baseline in RV with GLY at 6 h post-treatment was − 0.323 l (− 0.711 to 0.066); p = 0.0987]. A post hoc evaluation of the primary analysis was conducted after excluding a single statistical outlier; substantial improvements in RV with GLY compared with placebo was observed after exclusion of this outlier [placebo-adjusted LS mean change from baseline (95% CI) in RV was − 0.446 l (− 0.741 to − 0.150)]. Improvements from baseline were also observed with GLY compared with placebo in spirometric and plethysmographic measures up to 6 h post-treatment. GLY was generally safe, and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate the effect of nebulized GLY on lung deflation. Nebulized GLY resulted in marked improvements in RV up to 6 h post-treatment, compared with placebo. Improvements were also observed with GLY in spirometric and plethysmographic parameters of lung function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04155047. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41030-021-00166-5.