Cargando…

Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds

The use of the short form of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3) to evaluate children's and adolescents' motor competence (MC) is increasing. When combined with an alternating one-handed catching and throwing ball task, assessing eye-hand coordination (EHC), it has been shown tha...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Coppens, Eline, Laureys, Felien, Mostaert, Mireille, D'Hondt, Eva, Deconinck, Frederik J. A., Lenoir, Matthieu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8260948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34248657
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.652952
_version_ 1783718909476601856
author Coppens, Eline
Laureys, Felien
Mostaert, Mireille
D'Hondt, Eva
Deconinck, Frederik J. A.
Lenoir, Matthieu
author_facet Coppens, Eline
Laureys, Felien
Mostaert, Mireille
D'Hondt, Eva
Deconinck, Frederik J. A.
Lenoir, Matthieu
author_sort Coppens, Eline
collection PubMed
description The use of the short form of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3) to evaluate children's and adolescents' motor competence (MC) is increasing. When combined with an alternating one-handed catching and throwing ball task, assessing eye-hand coordination (EHC), it has been shown that the different aspects of motor skills are adequately covered in one compact KTK3+ test battery, studied in 6- to 10-year-old children. The present study aimed to validate the KTK3+ test battery and to provide contemporary MC normative values for boys and girls from 6- to 19-year-olds. A total of 2,271 children and adolescents (1,112 boys, 1,159 girls) participated in this study and were evaluated on the four included test items: jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB), supplemented by an EHC task. Children's participation in organised sport was registered using a demographic questionnaire. For the first objective, a factor analysis with multidimensional scaling demonstrated that the one-dimensional model provided the best fit, with all test items correlating to the same latent construct: “MC”. This was further supported with moderate to good correlations between all four test items (r = 0.453–0.799). Construct validity was investigated with a three-way MANOVA, demonstrating a significant multivariate interaction effect between sex and age group (p = 0.001) as well as a multivariate main effect of sex, age group, and organised sport participation (p < 0.001). Boys outperformed girls on two out of the four tests (JS and EHC, p < 0.005), while girls were better than boys on the BB test (p < 0.005). Performance scores increased across age groups on all tests (p < 0.001). Only for the BB test score, a plateau effect was noted around the age of 12 years. Children and adolescents participating in sports generally outperformed their peers who were not involved in organised sports, on the present KTK3+ test battery. For the second objective, raw score normative values are provided separately for both sexes between 6- to 19-year-olds. In combination with the one-factor structure confirmation, these sex, age, and sport participation effects demonstrate the validity of the test battery. The provided normative values are useful to evaluate MC in children and adolescents from 6 to 19 years old. The use of only four test items that are identical across all ages makes the KTK3+ test battery a practical instrument to assess and compare MC development.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8260948
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82609482021-07-08 Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds Coppens, Eline Laureys, Felien Mostaert, Mireille D'Hondt, Eva Deconinck, Frederik J. A. Lenoir, Matthieu Front Physiol Physiology The use of the short form of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK3) to evaluate children's and adolescents' motor competence (MC) is increasing. When combined with an alternating one-handed catching and throwing ball task, assessing eye-hand coordination (EHC), it has been shown that the different aspects of motor skills are adequately covered in one compact KTK3+ test battery, studied in 6- to 10-year-old children. The present study aimed to validate the KTK3+ test battery and to provide contemporary MC normative values for boys and girls from 6- to 19-year-olds. A total of 2,271 children and adolescents (1,112 boys, 1,159 girls) participated in this study and were evaluated on the four included test items: jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB), supplemented by an EHC task. Children's participation in organised sport was registered using a demographic questionnaire. For the first objective, a factor analysis with multidimensional scaling demonstrated that the one-dimensional model provided the best fit, with all test items correlating to the same latent construct: “MC”. This was further supported with moderate to good correlations between all four test items (r = 0.453–0.799). Construct validity was investigated with a three-way MANOVA, demonstrating a significant multivariate interaction effect between sex and age group (p = 0.001) as well as a multivariate main effect of sex, age group, and organised sport participation (p < 0.001). Boys outperformed girls on two out of the four tests (JS and EHC, p < 0.005), while girls were better than boys on the BB test (p < 0.005). Performance scores increased across age groups on all tests (p < 0.001). Only for the BB test score, a plateau effect was noted around the age of 12 years. Children and adolescents participating in sports generally outperformed their peers who were not involved in organised sports, on the present KTK3+ test battery. For the second objective, raw score normative values are provided separately for both sexes between 6- to 19-year-olds. In combination with the one-factor structure confirmation, these sex, age, and sport participation effects demonstrate the validity of the test battery. The provided normative values are useful to evaluate MC in children and adolescents from 6 to 19 years old. The use of only four test items that are identical across all ages makes the KTK3+ test battery a practical instrument to assess and compare MC development. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8260948/ /pubmed/34248657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.652952 Text en Copyright © 2021 Coppens, Laureys, Mostaert, D'Hondt, Deconinck and Lenoir. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Coppens, Eline
Laureys, Felien
Mostaert, Mireille
D'Hondt, Eva
Deconinck, Frederik J. A.
Lenoir, Matthieu
Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds
title Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds
title_full Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds
title_fullStr Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds
title_full_unstemmed Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds
title_short Validation of a Motor Competence Assessment Tool for Children and Adolescents (KTK3+) With Normative Values for 6- to 19-Year-Olds
title_sort validation of a motor competence assessment tool for children and adolescents (ktk3+) with normative values for 6- to 19-year-olds
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8260948/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34248657
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.652952
work_keys_str_mv AT coppenseline validationofamotorcompetenceassessmenttoolforchildrenandadolescentsktk3withnormativevaluesfor6to19yearolds
AT laureysfelien validationofamotorcompetenceassessmenttoolforchildrenandadolescentsktk3withnormativevaluesfor6to19yearolds
AT mostaertmireille validationofamotorcompetenceassessmenttoolforchildrenandadolescentsktk3withnormativevaluesfor6to19yearolds
AT dhondteva validationofamotorcompetenceassessmenttoolforchildrenandadolescentsktk3withnormativevaluesfor6to19yearolds
AT deconinckfrederikja validationofamotorcompetenceassessmenttoolforchildrenandadolescentsktk3withnormativevaluesfor6to19yearolds
AT lenoirmatthieu validationofamotorcompetenceassessmenttoolforchildrenandadolescentsktk3withnormativevaluesfor6to19yearolds