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Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires signi...

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Autores principales: Moccia, Carmen, Haase, Kristina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8261144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34249889
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218
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author Moccia, Carmen
Haase, Kristina
author_facet Moccia, Carmen
Haase, Kristina
author_sort Moccia, Carmen
collection PubMed
description Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools.
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spelling pubmed-82611442021-07-08 Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models Moccia, Carmen Haase, Kristina Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide, and while hormone receptor positive subtypes have a clear and effective treatment strategy, other subtypes, such as triple negative breast cancers, do not. Development of new drugs, antibodies, or immune targets requires significant re-consideration of current preclinical models, which frequently fail to mimic the nuances of patient-specific breast cancer subtypes. Each subtype, together with the expression of different markers, genetic and epigenetic profiles, presents a unique tumor microenvironment, which promotes tumor development and progression. For this reason, personalized treatments targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been proposed to mitigate breast cancer progression, particularly for aggressive triple negative subtypes. To-date, animal models remain the gold standard for examining new therapeutic targets; however, there is room for in vitro tools to bridge the biological gap with humans. Tumor-on-chip technologies allow for precise control and examination of the tumor microenvironment and may add to the toolbox of current preclinical models. These new models include key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (stroma, vasculature and immune cells) which have been employed to understand metastases, multi-organ interactions, and, importantly, to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in humanized physiologic systems. This review provides insight into advanced in vitro tumor models specific to breast cancer, and discusses their potential and limitations for use as future preclinical patient-specific tools. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8261144/ /pubmed/34249889 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218 Text en Copyright © 2021 Moccia and Haase. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Moccia, Carmen
Haase, Kristina
Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models
title Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models
title_full Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models
title_fullStr Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models
title_full_unstemmed Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models
title_short Engineering Breast Cancer On-chip—Moving Toward Subtype Specific Models
title_sort engineering breast cancer on-chip—moving toward subtype specific models
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8261144/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34249889
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.694218
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