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Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial organisation in episodic memory
There is disagreement in the literature as to whether episodic memory maintains an inherent temporal organisation, that is, whether learned items are necessarily organised along some temporal dimension or whether temporal organisation is a task-specific occurrence. The current series of experiments...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8261772/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33535925 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021821993823 |
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author | Clark, Dan PA Bruno, Davide |
author_facet | Clark, Dan PA Bruno, Davide |
author_sort | Clark, Dan PA |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is disagreement in the literature as to whether episodic memory maintains an inherent temporal organisation, that is, whether learned items are necessarily organised along some temporal dimension or whether temporal organisation is a task-specific occurrence. The current series of experiments explored this issue. In Experiment 1, we tested whether temporal or spatial contiguity was present in an incidental encoding task where either strategy (but not both together) could be employed at test. In Experiment 2, we attempted to facilitate the use of a spatial retrieval strategy at test by asking participants to recall the location where target items had been displayed at study, after incidental encoding. Experiment 3 explored the role of study-test congruency by informing participants at encoding that they would be tested on either their memory for the temporal sequence or spatial locations, and then testing both at retrieval. Finally, Experiment 4 employed a masking task at encoding to ensure participants could not predict the true nature of the task, despite it being incidental, and a surprise free recall task. Predominantly, participants displayed recall performance consistent with temporal contiguity, although there was evidence for spatial contiguity under certain conditions. These results are consistent with the notion that episodic memory has a stable and predictable temporal organisation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8261772 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82617722021-07-20 Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial organisation in episodic memory Clark, Dan PA Bruno, Davide Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) Original Articles There is disagreement in the literature as to whether episodic memory maintains an inherent temporal organisation, that is, whether learned items are necessarily organised along some temporal dimension or whether temporal organisation is a task-specific occurrence. The current series of experiments explored this issue. In Experiment 1, we tested whether temporal or spatial contiguity was present in an incidental encoding task where either strategy (but not both together) could be employed at test. In Experiment 2, we attempted to facilitate the use of a spatial retrieval strategy at test by asking participants to recall the location where target items had been displayed at study, after incidental encoding. Experiment 3 explored the role of study-test congruency by informing participants at encoding that they would be tested on either their memory for the temporal sequence or spatial locations, and then testing both at retrieval. Finally, Experiment 4 employed a masking task at encoding to ensure participants could not predict the true nature of the task, despite it being incidental, and a surprise free recall task. Predominantly, participants displayed recall performance consistent with temporal contiguity, although there was evidence for spatial contiguity under certain conditions. These results are consistent with the notion that episodic memory has a stable and predictable temporal organisation. SAGE Publications 2021-02-25 2021-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8261772/ /pubmed/33535925 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021821993823 Text en © Experimental Psychology Society 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Clark, Dan PA Bruno, Davide Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial organisation in episodic memory |
title | Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial
organisation in episodic memory |
title_full | Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial
organisation in episodic memory |
title_fullStr | Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial
organisation in episodic memory |
title_full_unstemmed | Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial
organisation in episodic memory |
title_short | Time is of the essence: Exploring temporal and spatial
organisation in episodic memory |
title_sort | time is of the essence: exploring temporal and spatial
organisation in episodic memory |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8261772/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33535925 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021821993823 |
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