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The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation

Introduction While tetanus has largely been eradicated with the advent of the tetanus vaccine, its prevalence in Pakistan remains alarmingly high due to insufficient uptake of the vaccination program. The clinical presentations that the disease elicits range from mere opisthotonos to more sinister c...

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Autores principales: Almas, Talal, Niaz, Muhammad Ali, Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Jawad, Haroon, Mohammad, Khedro, Tarek, Alsufyani, Reema, Al-Awaid, Abdulla Hussain, Tran, Estelle, Khan, Abdul Wali, Alaeddin, Hasan, Rifai, Ali, Manamperi, Kuvira T, Khan, Abat, Haadi, Abdul
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8261793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34268020
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15484
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author Almas, Talal
Niaz, Muhammad Ali
Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Jawad
Haroon, Mohammad
Khedro, Tarek
Alsufyani, Reema
Al-Awaid, Abdulla Hussain
Tran, Estelle
Khan, Abdul Wali
Alaeddin, Hasan
Rifai, Ali
Manamperi, Kuvira T
Khan, Abat
Haadi, Abdul
author_facet Almas, Talal
Niaz, Muhammad Ali
Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Jawad
Haroon, Mohammad
Khedro, Tarek
Alsufyani, Reema
Al-Awaid, Abdulla Hussain
Tran, Estelle
Khan, Abdul Wali
Alaeddin, Hasan
Rifai, Ali
Manamperi, Kuvira T
Khan, Abat
Haadi, Abdul
author_sort Almas, Talal
collection PubMed
description Introduction While tetanus has largely been eradicated with the advent of the tetanus vaccine, its prevalence in Pakistan remains alarmingly high due to insufficient uptake of the vaccination program. The clinical presentations that the disease elicits range from mere opisthotonos to more sinister complications, including respiratory failure and death, often posing an insurmountable challenge for hospitals. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted and analyzed the medical charts of 43 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of tetanus infection. The charts were perused for the patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, and disease outcomes. The prevalence of various clinical symptoms and complications were reported in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results The mean age of the patients hovered at 29.53 ± 16.53 years, with a range of 12 to 65 years. Of those affected, 83.7% were males while 16.3% were females. Notably, none of the infected patients had a prior history of vaccination against tetanus. Trismus was noted to be the most prevalent clinical manifestation and was found in 90.70% of the patients while paraesthesia at the site of infection, found in 6.98%, was the least prevalent. The overall mortality was noted to hover at 46.5%. Conclusion While tetanus has largely been eradicated, its prevalence in Pakistan remains alarmingly high. The complications noted in the study have implications for the country’s public health system and aims to better inform the current state of the national vaccination program.
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spelling pubmed-82617932021-07-14 The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation Almas, Talal Niaz, Muhammad Ali Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Jawad Haroon, Mohammad Khedro, Tarek Alsufyani, Reema Al-Awaid, Abdulla Hussain Tran, Estelle Khan, Abdul Wali Alaeddin, Hasan Rifai, Ali Manamperi, Kuvira T Khan, Abat Haadi, Abdul Cureus Internal Medicine Introduction While tetanus has largely been eradicated with the advent of the tetanus vaccine, its prevalence in Pakistan remains alarmingly high due to insufficient uptake of the vaccination program. The clinical presentations that the disease elicits range from mere opisthotonos to more sinister complications, including respiratory failure and death, often posing an insurmountable challenge for hospitals. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted and analyzed the medical charts of 43 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of tetanus infection. The charts were perused for the patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, and disease outcomes. The prevalence of various clinical symptoms and complications were reported in terms of frequencies and percentages. Results The mean age of the patients hovered at 29.53 ± 16.53 years, with a range of 12 to 65 years. Of those affected, 83.7% were males while 16.3% were females. Notably, none of the infected patients had a prior history of vaccination against tetanus. Trismus was noted to be the most prevalent clinical manifestation and was found in 90.70% of the patients while paraesthesia at the site of infection, found in 6.98%, was the least prevalent. The overall mortality was noted to hover at 46.5%. Conclusion While tetanus has largely been eradicated, its prevalence in Pakistan remains alarmingly high. The complications noted in the study have implications for the country’s public health system and aims to better inform the current state of the national vaccination program. Cureus 2021-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8261793/ /pubmed/34268020 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15484 Text en Copyright © 2021, Almas et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Almas, Talal
Niaz, Muhammad Ali
Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Jawad
Haroon, Mohammad
Khedro, Tarek
Alsufyani, Reema
Al-Awaid, Abdulla Hussain
Tran, Estelle
Khan, Abdul Wali
Alaeddin, Hasan
Rifai, Ali
Manamperi, Kuvira T
Khan, Abat
Haadi, Abdul
The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation
title The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation
title_full The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation
title_fullStr The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation
title_full_unstemmed The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation
title_short The Spectrum of Clinical Characteristics and Complications of Tetanus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study From a Developing Nation
title_sort spectrum of clinical characteristics and complications of tetanus: a retrospective cross-sectional study from a developing nation
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8261793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34268020
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15484
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