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Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors

The gut is an important organ with digestive and immune regulatory function which consistently harbors microbiome ecosystem. The gut microbiome cooperates with the host to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It can influence disease processes in the g...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gwak, Min-Gyu, Chang, Sun-Young
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Association of Immunologists 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8263213/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34277110
http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2021.21.e20
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author Gwak, Min-Gyu
Chang, Sun-Young
author_facet Gwak, Min-Gyu
Chang, Sun-Young
author_sort Gwak, Min-Gyu
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description The gut is an important organ with digestive and immune regulatory function which consistently harbors microbiome ecosystem. The gut microbiome cooperates with the host to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It can influence disease processes in the gut as well as extra-intestinal organs, including the brain. The gut closely connects with the central nervous system through dynamic bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis. The connection between gut environment and brain may affect host mood and behaviors. Disruptions in microbial communities have been implicated in several neurological disorders. A link between the gut microbiota and the brain has long been described, but recent studies have started to reveal the underlying mechanism of the impact of the gut microbiota and gut barrier integrity on the brain and behavior. Here, we summarized the gut barrier environment and the 4 main gut-brain axis pathways. We focused on the important function of gut barrier on neurological diseases such as stress responses and ischemic stroke. Finally, we described the impact of representative environmental sensors generated by gut bacteria on acute neurological disease via the gut-brain axis.
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spelling pubmed-82632132021-07-16 Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors Gwak, Min-Gyu Chang, Sun-Young Immune Netw Review Article The gut is an important organ with digestive and immune regulatory function which consistently harbors microbiome ecosystem. The gut microbiome cooperates with the host to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It can influence disease processes in the gut as well as extra-intestinal organs, including the brain. The gut closely connects with the central nervous system through dynamic bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis. The connection between gut environment and brain may affect host mood and behaviors. Disruptions in microbial communities have been implicated in several neurological disorders. A link between the gut microbiota and the brain has long been described, but recent studies have started to reveal the underlying mechanism of the impact of the gut microbiota and gut barrier integrity on the brain and behavior. Here, we summarized the gut barrier environment and the 4 main gut-brain axis pathways. We focused on the important function of gut barrier on neurological diseases such as stress responses and ischemic stroke. Finally, we described the impact of representative environmental sensors generated by gut bacteria on acute neurological disease via the gut-brain axis. The Korean Association of Immunologists 2021-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8263213/ /pubmed/34277110 http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2021.21.e20 Text en Copyright © 2021. The Korean Association of Immunologists https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Gwak, Min-Gyu
Chang, Sun-Young
Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
title Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
title_full Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
title_fullStr Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
title_full_unstemmed Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
title_short Gut-Brain Connection: Microbiome, Gut Barrier, and Environmental Sensors
title_sort gut-brain connection: microbiome, gut barrier, and environmental sensors
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8263213/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34277110
http://dx.doi.org/10.4110/in.2021.21.e20
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