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Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia

PURPOSE: Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions. METHODS: Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weat...

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Autores principales: Bhandary, Shashank Kishore, Dhakal, Rohit, Sanghavi, Vishwa, Verkicharla, Pavan Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8263252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34234353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254027
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author Bhandary, Shashank Kishore
Dhakal, Rohit
Sanghavi, Vishwa
Verkicharla, Pavan Kumar
author_facet Bhandary, Shashank Kishore
Dhakal, Rohit
Sanghavi, Vishwa
Verkicharla, Pavan Kumar
author_sort Bhandary, Shashank Kishore
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions. METHODS: Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weather (sunny/cloudy), time of a day (7:00,10:00,13:00, and 16:00 hours), seasons (summer/winter), and sun protection (hat and cap) in outdoor and indoor locations. Nine outdoor locations were “open playground”, “under a translucent artificial-shade”, “under a porch facing east”, “under a porch facing south”, “under a big tree”, “between three buildings”, “within 4 buildings”, and “canopy”. As a ninth outdoor location, “Under a glass bowl” in the outdoor location was used as a simulation for “glass classroom model” and measurement was taken at the floor level only to determine in overall the illuminance conditions with glass covered on all sides. The 4 indoor locations included “room with multiple large windows”, “room with combination light source”, “room with multiple artificial lights”, and “room with single artificial light”. RESULTS: The overall median illuminance level (median; Q1-Q3) recorded in 9 outdoor locations was 8 times higher than that of all indoor locations (1175;197–5400 lux vs. 179;50–333 lux). Highest illuminance in outdoor locations was recorded in “open playground” (9300;4100–16825 lux), followed by “under a translucent artificial shade (8180;4200–13300 lux) and the lowest in “within 4 buildings” (11;6–20 lux). Illuminance under ‘Canopy’, ‘between three buildings’ and ‘within four buildings’ was similar to that of indoor locations (<1000 lux). Time of the day, weather, season, sensor position and using sun protection did not alter illuminance to change from high to low level (>1000 to <1000 lux). Among indoor locations, illuminance in “room with multiple large windows” crossed 1000 lux at a specific time points on both sunny and cloudy days. CONCLUSIONS: Illuminance levels in outdoors and indoors varied with location type, but not with other conditions. Given the variation in illuminance in different locations, and the impact it may have on myopia control, appropriate detailed recommendations seems necessary while suggesting time outdoors as an anti-myopia strategy to ensure desired outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-82632522021-07-19 Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia Bhandary, Shashank Kishore Dhakal, Rohit Sanghavi, Vishwa Verkicharla, Pavan Kumar PLoS One Research Article PURPOSE: Considering that time spent outdoors is protective for myopia, we investigated how ambient light levels reaching the eye varies across 9 outdoor and 4 indoor locations in 5 different environmental conditions. METHODS: Illuminance (lux) was recorded using a lux meter under conditions of weather (sunny/cloudy), time of a day (7:00,10:00,13:00, and 16:00 hours), seasons (summer/winter), and sun protection (hat and cap) in outdoor and indoor locations. Nine outdoor locations were “open playground”, “under a translucent artificial-shade”, “under a porch facing east”, “under a porch facing south”, “under a big tree”, “between three buildings”, “within 4 buildings”, and “canopy”. As a ninth outdoor location, “Under a glass bowl” in the outdoor location was used as a simulation for “glass classroom model” and measurement was taken at the floor level only to determine in overall the illuminance conditions with glass covered on all sides. The 4 indoor locations included “room with multiple large windows”, “room with combination light source”, “room with multiple artificial lights”, and “room with single artificial light”. RESULTS: The overall median illuminance level (median; Q1-Q3) recorded in 9 outdoor locations was 8 times higher than that of all indoor locations (1175;197–5400 lux vs. 179;50–333 lux). Highest illuminance in outdoor locations was recorded in “open playground” (9300;4100–16825 lux), followed by “under a translucent artificial shade (8180;4200–13300 lux) and the lowest in “within 4 buildings” (11;6–20 lux). Illuminance under ‘Canopy’, ‘between three buildings’ and ‘within four buildings’ was similar to that of indoor locations (<1000 lux). Time of the day, weather, season, sensor position and using sun protection did not alter illuminance to change from high to low level (>1000 to <1000 lux). Among indoor locations, illuminance in “room with multiple large windows” crossed 1000 lux at a specific time points on both sunny and cloudy days. CONCLUSIONS: Illuminance levels in outdoors and indoors varied with location type, but not with other conditions. Given the variation in illuminance in different locations, and the impact it may have on myopia control, appropriate detailed recommendations seems necessary while suggesting time outdoors as an anti-myopia strategy to ensure desired outcomes. Public Library of Science 2021-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8263252/ /pubmed/34234353 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254027 Text en © 2021 Bhandary et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bhandary, Shashank Kishore
Dhakal, Rohit
Sanghavi, Vishwa
Verkicharla, Pavan Kumar
Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
title Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
title_full Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
title_fullStr Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
title_full_unstemmed Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
title_short Ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: Potential to impact myopia
title_sort ambient light level varies with different locations and environmental conditions: potential to impact myopia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8263252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34234353
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254027
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