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What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), the principal long-term sequel of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), has been a major contributor to cardiac-related mortality in general population, especially in developing countries. With improvement in health and sanitation facilities across the globe, there has been alm...

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Autores principales: Banday, Aaqib Zaffar, Mondal, Sanjib, Barman, Prabal, Sil, Archan, Kumrah, Rajni, Vignesh, Pandiarajan, Singh, Surjit
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8263915/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34250047
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.694393
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author Banday, Aaqib Zaffar
Mondal, Sanjib
Barman, Prabal
Sil, Archan
Kumrah, Rajni
Vignesh, Pandiarajan
Singh, Surjit
author_facet Banday, Aaqib Zaffar
Mondal, Sanjib
Barman, Prabal
Sil, Archan
Kumrah, Rajni
Vignesh, Pandiarajan
Singh, Surjit
author_sort Banday, Aaqib Zaffar
collection PubMed
description Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), the principal long-term sequel of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), has been a major contributor to cardiac-related mortality in general population, especially in developing countries. With improvement in health and sanitation facilities across the globe, there has been almost a 50% reduction in mortality rate due to RHD over the last 25 years. However, recent estimates suggest that RHD still results in more than 300,000 deaths annually. In India alone, more than 100,000 deaths occur due to RHD every year (Watkins DA et al., N Engl J Med, 2017). Children and adolescents (aged below 15 years) constitute at least one-fourth of the total population in India. Besides, ARF is, for the most part, a pediatric disorder. The pediatric population, therefore, requires special consideration in developing countries to reduce the burden of RHD. In the developed world, Kawasaki disease (KD) has emerged as the most important cause of acquired heart disease in children. Mirroring global trends over the past two decades, India also has witnessed a surge in the number of cases of KD. Similarly, many regions across the globe classified as “high-risk” for ARF have witnessed an increasing trend in the incidence of KD. This translates to a double challenge faced by pediatric health care providers in improving cardiac outcomes of children affected with ARF or KD. We highlight this predicament by reviewing the incidence trends of ARF and KD over the last 50 years in ARF “high-risk” regions.
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spelling pubmed-82639152021-07-09 What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries? Banday, Aaqib Zaffar Mondal, Sanjib Barman, Prabal Sil, Archan Kumrah, Rajni Vignesh, Pandiarajan Singh, Surjit Front Cardiovasc Med Cardiovascular Medicine Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), the principal long-term sequel of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), has been a major contributor to cardiac-related mortality in general population, especially in developing countries. With improvement in health and sanitation facilities across the globe, there has been almost a 50% reduction in mortality rate due to RHD over the last 25 years. However, recent estimates suggest that RHD still results in more than 300,000 deaths annually. In India alone, more than 100,000 deaths occur due to RHD every year (Watkins DA et al., N Engl J Med, 2017). Children and adolescents (aged below 15 years) constitute at least one-fourth of the total population in India. Besides, ARF is, for the most part, a pediatric disorder. The pediatric population, therefore, requires special consideration in developing countries to reduce the burden of RHD. In the developed world, Kawasaki disease (KD) has emerged as the most important cause of acquired heart disease in children. Mirroring global trends over the past two decades, India also has witnessed a surge in the number of cases of KD. Similarly, many regions across the globe classified as “high-risk” for ARF have witnessed an increasing trend in the incidence of KD. This translates to a double challenge faced by pediatric health care providers in improving cardiac outcomes of children affected with ARF or KD. We highlight this predicament by reviewing the incidence trends of ARF and KD over the last 50 years in ARF “high-risk” regions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8263915/ /pubmed/34250047 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.694393 Text en Copyright © 2021 Banday, Mondal, Barman, Sil, Kumrah, Vignesh and Singh. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cardiovascular Medicine
Banday, Aaqib Zaffar
Mondal, Sanjib
Barman, Prabal
Sil, Archan
Kumrah, Rajni
Vignesh, Pandiarajan
Singh, Surjit
What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?
title What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?
title_full What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?
title_fullStr What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?
title_full_unstemmed What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?
title_short What Lies Ahead for Young Hearts in the 21(st) Century – Is It Double Trouble of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Kawasaki Disease in Developing Countries?
title_sort what lies ahead for young hearts in the 21(st) century – is it double trouble of acute rheumatic fever and kawasaki disease in developing countries?
topic Cardiovascular Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8263915/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34250047
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.694393
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