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Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia

Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventative veterinary medicine in zoological collections. The zoo environment offers a great variety of different animal species living in proximity and in contact with small wild animals and vectors (e.g., ticks and mosquitos)...

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Autores principales: Kvapil, Pavel, Račnik, Joško, Kastelic, Marjan, Pittermannová, Pavlína, Avšič-Zupanc, Tatjana, Bártová, Eva, Sedlák, Kamil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8264250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34250069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.688904
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author Kvapil, Pavel
Račnik, Joško
Kastelic, Marjan
Pittermannová, Pavlína
Avšič-Zupanc, Tatjana
Bártová, Eva
Sedlák, Kamil
author_facet Kvapil, Pavel
Račnik, Joško
Kastelic, Marjan
Pittermannová, Pavlína
Avšič-Zupanc, Tatjana
Bártová, Eva
Sedlák, Kamil
author_sort Kvapil, Pavel
collection PubMed
description Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventative veterinary medicine in zoological collections. The zoo environment offers a great variety of different animal species living in proximity and in contact with small wild animals and vectors (e.g., ticks and mosquitos). In this context, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Usutu virus (USUV), and West Nile virus (WNV) causing vector-borne diseases are emerging pathogens that raise concern. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies to selected flaviviruses in various animal species in the Ljubljana Zoo, Slovenia. In total, 874 sera from 96 animal species were tested for antibodies to TBEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); positive samples were confirmed by a virus neutralization test (VNT) using TBEV, WNV, and USUV antigens. Antibodies to TBEV were detected by ELISA in 3.9% (34/874) of zoo animals, with 4% (30/753) in mammals and 5% (4/86) in birds; the sera of reptiles (n = 34) and amphibians (n = 1) were negative. Antibodies to TBEV were confirmed by VNT in 11 mammals; one bird was positive for both WNV and USUV. The mixture of exotic animal species and their contact with wild animals and vectors such as ticks and mosquitos suggest that screening of infectious diseases in zoo animals might provide good insight into the epizootological situation of the area. This is the first survey of TBEV, WNV, and USUV in a zoological collection in Slovenia.
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spelling pubmed-82642502021-07-09 Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia Kvapil, Pavel Račnik, Joško Kastelic, Marjan Pittermannová, Pavlína Avšič-Zupanc, Tatjana Bártová, Eva Sedlák, Kamil Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of preventative veterinary medicine in zoological collections. The zoo environment offers a great variety of different animal species living in proximity and in contact with small wild animals and vectors (e.g., ticks and mosquitos). In this context, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Usutu virus (USUV), and West Nile virus (WNV) causing vector-borne diseases are emerging pathogens that raise concern. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies to selected flaviviruses in various animal species in the Ljubljana Zoo, Slovenia. In total, 874 sera from 96 animal species were tested for antibodies to TBEV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); positive samples were confirmed by a virus neutralization test (VNT) using TBEV, WNV, and USUV antigens. Antibodies to TBEV were detected by ELISA in 3.9% (34/874) of zoo animals, with 4% (30/753) in mammals and 5% (4/86) in birds; the sera of reptiles (n = 34) and amphibians (n = 1) were negative. Antibodies to TBEV were confirmed by VNT in 11 mammals; one bird was positive for both WNV and USUV. The mixture of exotic animal species and their contact with wild animals and vectors such as ticks and mosquitos suggest that screening of infectious diseases in zoo animals might provide good insight into the epizootological situation of the area. This is the first survey of TBEV, WNV, and USUV in a zoological collection in Slovenia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8264250/ /pubmed/34250069 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.688904 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kvapil, Račnik, Kastelic, Pittermannová, Avšič-Zupanc, Bártová and Sedlák. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Kvapil, Pavel
Račnik, Joško
Kastelic, Marjan
Pittermannová, Pavlína
Avšič-Zupanc, Tatjana
Bártová, Eva
Sedlák, Kamil
Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia
title Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia
title_full Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia
title_fullStr Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia
title_short Detection of Antibodies Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus and Other Flaviviruses in a Zoological Collection in Slovenia
title_sort detection of antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus and other flaviviruses in a zoological collection in slovenia
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8264250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34250069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.688904
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