Defects, diffusion and dopants in Li(8)SnO(6)

Octalithium tin (IV) oxide (Li(8)SnO(6)) is an important electrode material considered for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high lithium content. We employed atomistic simulations to examine the intrinsic defects, diffusion of Li-ions together with their migration energies and solution of potential dopants in Li(8)SnO(6). The most thermodynamically favourable intrinsic defect is the Li Frenkel which increases the concentration of Li vacancies needed for the vacancy mediated diffusion of Li-ions in Li(8)SnO(6). The calculated activation energy of migration of Li-ions (0.21eV) shows that the Li-ion conductivity in this material can be very fast. Promising isovalent dopants on the Li and Sn sites are Na and Ti, respectively. Doping of Ga on the Sn site can facilitate the formation of Li interstitials as well as oxygen vacancies in Li(8)SnO(6). While the concentration of Li interstitials can enhance the capacity of this material, oxygen vacancies together with Li interstitials can lead to the loss of Li(2)O in Li(8)SnO(6).