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Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke
Stroke affects millions of people worldwide each year, and stroke survivors are often left with motor deficits. Current therapies to improve these functional deficits are limited, making it a priority to better understand the pathophysiology of stroke recovery and find novel adjuvant options. The ex...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Faculty Opinions Ltd
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8265564/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34308424 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/10-58 |
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author | Grigoras, Ioana-Florentina Stagg, Charlotte J |
author_facet | Grigoras, Ioana-Florentina Stagg, Charlotte J |
author_sort | Grigoras, Ioana-Florentina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Stroke affects millions of people worldwide each year, and stroke survivors are often left with motor deficits. Current therapies to improve these functional deficits are limited, making it a priority to better understand the pathophysiology of stroke recovery and find novel adjuvant options. The excitation–inhibition balance undergoes significant changes post-stroke, and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appears to play an important role in stroke recovery. In this review, we summarise the most recent studies investigating GABAergic inhibition at different stages of stroke. We discuss the proposed role of GABA in counteracting glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in hyperacute stroke as well as the evidence linking decreased GABAergic inhibition to increased neuronal plasticity in early stroke. Then, we discuss two types of interventions that aim to modulate the excitation–inhibition balance to improve functional outcomes in stroke survivors: non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and pharmacological interventions. Finding the optimal NIBS administration or adjuvant pharmacological therapies would represent an important contribution to the currently scarce therapy options. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8265564 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Faculty Opinions Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82655642021-07-22 Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke Grigoras, Ioana-Florentina Stagg, Charlotte J Fac Rev Review Article Stroke affects millions of people worldwide each year, and stroke survivors are often left with motor deficits. Current therapies to improve these functional deficits are limited, making it a priority to better understand the pathophysiology of stroke recovery and find novel adjuvant options. The excitation–inhibition balance undergoes significant changes post-stroke, and the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) appears to play an important role in stroke recovery. In this review, we summarise the most recent studies investigating GABAergic inhibition at different stages of stroke. We discuss the proposed role of GABA in counteracting glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in hyperacute stroke as well as the evidence linking decreased GABAergic inhibition to increased neuronal plasticity in early stroke. Then, we discuss two types of interventions that aim to modulate the excitation–inhibition balance to improve functional outcomes in stroke survivors: non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and pharmacological interventions. Finding the optimal NIBS administration or adjuvant pharmacological therapies would represent an important contribution to the currently scarce therapy options. Faculty Opinions Ltd 2021-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8265564/ /pubmed/34308424 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/10-58 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Grigoras IF et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Grigoras, Ioana-Florentina Stagg, Charlotte J Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
title | Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
title_full | Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
title_fullStr | Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
title_short | Recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
title_sort | recent advances in the role of excitation–inhibition balance in motor recovery post-stroke |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8265564/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34308424 http://dx.doi.org/10.12703/r/10-58 |
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