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A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 179 million infections and 3.8 million deaths worldwide. Throughout the past year, multiple vaccines have already been developed and used, while some...

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Autores principales: Forchette, Lauren, Sebastian, William, Liu, Tuoen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Huazhong University of Science and Technology 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8267225/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34241776
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-021-2395-1
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author Forchette, Lauren
Sebastian, William
Liu, Tuoen
author_facet Forchette, Lauren
Sebastian, William
Liu, Tuoen
author_sort Forchette, Lauren
collection PubMed
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 179 million infections and 3.8 million deaths worldwide. Throughout the past year, multiple vaccines have already been developed and used, while some others are in the process of being developed. However, the emergence of new mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 that have demonstrated immune-evading characteristics and an increase in infective capabilities leads to potential ineffectiveness of the vaccines against these variants. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the current understanding of the immunological mechanisms of the virus and vaccines, as well as to investigate some key variants and mutations of the virus driving the current pandemic and their impacts on current management guidelines. We also discussed new technologies being developed for the prevention, treatment, and detection of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we thoroughly reviewed and provided crucial information on SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines and drugs being used and developed for its prevention and treatment, as well as important variant strains. Our review paper will be beneficial to health care professionals and researchers so they can have a better understanding of the basic sciences, prevention, and clinical treatment of COVID-19 during the pandemic. This paper consists of the most updated information that has been available as of June 21, 2021.
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spelling pubmed-82672252021-07-09 A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics Forchette, Lauren Sebastian, William Liu, Tuoen Curr Med Sci Article Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused more than 179 million infections and 3.8 million deaths worldwide. Throughout the past year, multiple vaccines have already been developed and used, while some others are in the process of being developed. However, the emergence of new mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 that have demonstrated immune-evading characteristics and an increase in infective capabilities leads to potential ineffectiveness of the vaccines against these variants. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the current understanding of the immunological mechanisms of the virus and vaccines, as well as to investigate some key variants and mutations of the virus driving the current pandemic and their impacts on current management guidelines. We also discussed new technologies being developed for the prevention, treatment, and detection of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we thoroughly reviewed and provided crucial information on SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines and drugs being used and developed for its prevention and treatment, as well as important variant strains. Our review paper will be beneficial to health care professionals and researchers so they can have a better understanding of the basic sciences, prevention, and clinical treatment of COVID-19 during the pandemic. This paper consists of the most updated information that has been available as of June 21, 2021. Huazhong University of Science and Technology 2021-07-09 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8267225/ /pubmed/34241776 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-021-2395-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Forchette, Lauren
Sebastian, William
Liu, Tuoen
A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
title A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
title_full A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
title_short A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Virology, Vaccines, Variants, and Therapeutics
title_sort comprehensive review of covid-19 virology, vaccines, variants, and therapeutics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8267225/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34241776
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-021-2395-1
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