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Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells under pathological and physiological conditions. EVs harbor various biomolecules, including protein, lipid, non-coding RNA, messenger RNA, and DNA. In 2007, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) carried by EVs were found to have regulatory functions in reci...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Xue, You, Lianghui, Zhang, Zhenxing, Cui, Xianwei, Zhong, Hong, Sun, Xingzhen, Ji, Chenbo, Chi, Xia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8267587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34249944
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.693534
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author Jiang, Xue
You, Lianghui
Zhang, Zhenxing
Cui, Xianwei
Zhong, Hong
Sun, Xingzhen
Ji, Chenbo
Chi, Xia
author_facet Jiang, Xue
You, Lianghui
Zhang, Zhenxing
Cui, Xianwei
Zhong, Hong
Sun, Xingzhen
Ji, Chenbo
Chi, Xia
author_sort Jiang, Xue
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells under pathological and physiological conditions. EVs harbor various biomolecules, including protein, lipid, non-coding RNA, messenger RNA, and DNA. In 2007, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) carried by EVs were found to have regulatory functions in recipient cells. The biological function of EVs has since then increasingly drawn interest. Breast milk, as the most important nutritional source for infants, contains EVs in large quantities. An increasing number of studies have provided the basis for the hypothesis associated with information transmission between mothers and infants via breast milk-derived EVs. Most studies on milk-derived EVs currently focus on miRNAs. Milk-derived EVs contain diverse miRNAs, which remain stable both in vivo and in vitro; as such, they can be absorbed across different species. Further studies have confirmed that miRNAs derived from milk-derived EVs can resist the acidic environment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the digestive tract; moreover, they can be absorbed by intestinal cells in infants to perform physiological functions. miRNAs derived from milk EVs have been reported in the maturation of immune cells, regulation of immune response, formation of neuronal synapses, and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This article reviews current status and advances in milk-derived EVs, including their history, biogenesis, molecular contents, and biological functions. The effects of milk-derived EVs on growth and development in both infants and adults were emphasized. Finally, the potential application and future challenges of milk-derived EVs were discussed, providing comprehensive understanding and new insight into milk-derived EVs.
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spelling pubmed-82675872021-07-10 Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant Jiang, Xue You, Lianghui Zhang, Zhenxing Cui, Xianwei Zhong, Hong Sun, Xingzhen Ji, Chenbo Chi, Xia Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells under pathological and physiological conditions. EVs harbor various biomolecules, including protein, lipid, non-coding RNA, messenger RNA, and DNA. In 2007, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) carried by EVs were found to have regulatory functions in recipient cells. The biological function of EVs has since then increasingly drawn interest. Breast milk, as the most important nutritional source for infants, contains EVs in large quantities. An increasing number of studies have provided the basis for the hypothesis associated with information transmission between mothers and infants via breast milk-derived EVs. Most studies on milk-derived EVs currently focus on miRNAs. Milk-derived EVs contain diverse miRNAs, which remain stable both in vivo and in vitro; as such, they can be absorbed across different species. Further studies have confirmed that miRNAs derived from milk-derived EVs can resist the acidic environment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the digestive tract; moreover, they can be absorbed by intestinal cells in infants to perform physiological functions. miRNAs derived from milk EVs have been reported in the maturation of immune cells, regulation of immune response, formation of neuronal synapses, and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This article reviews current status and advances in milk-derived EVs, including their history, biogenesis, molecular contents, and biological functions. The effects of milk-derived EVs on growth and development in both infants and adults were emphasized. Finally, the potential application and future challenges of milk-derived EVs were discussed, providing comprehensive understanding and new insight into milk-derived EVs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8267587/ /pubmed/34249944 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.693534 Text en Copyright © 2021 Jiang, You, Zhang, Cui, Zhong, Sun, Ji and Chi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Jiang, Xue
You, Lianghui
Zhang, Zhenxing
Cui, Xianwei
Zhong, Hong
Sun, Xingzhen
Ji, Chenbo
Chi, Xia
Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant
title Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant
title_full Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant
title_fullStr Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant
title_full_unstemmed Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant
title_short Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant
title_sort biological properties of milk-derived extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions in infant
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8267587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34249944
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.693534
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