Cargando…
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a gene...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268351/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137020 |
_version_ | 1783720338292473856 |
---|---|
author | Pantalone, Desirè Bergamini, Carlo Martellucci, Jacopo Alemanno, Giovanni Bruscino, Alessandro Maltinti, Gherardo Sheiterle, Maximilian Viligiardi, Riccardo Panconesi, Roberto Guagni, Tommaso Prosperi, Paolo |
author_facet | Pantalone, Desirè Bergamini, Carlo Martellucci, Jacopo Alemanno, Giovanni Bruscino, Alessandro Maltinti, Gherardo Sheiterle, Maximilian Viligiardi, Riccardo Panconesi, Roberto Guagni, Tommaso Prosperi, Paolo |
author_sort | Pantalone, Desirè |
collection | PubMed |
description | Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8268351 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82683512021-07-10 The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review Pantalone, Desirè Bergamini, Carlo Martellucci, Jacopo Alemanno, Giovanni Bruscino, Alessandro Maltinti, Gherardo Sheiterle, Maximilian Viligiardi, Riccardo Panconesi, Roberto Guagni, Tommaso Prosperi, Paolo Int J Mol Sci Review Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns. MDPI 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8268351/ /pubmed/34209943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137020 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Pantalone, Desirè Bergamini, Carlo Martellucci, Jacopo Alemanno, Giovanni Bruscino, Alessandro Maltinti, Gherardo Sheiterle, Maximilian Viligiardi, Riccardo Panconesi, Roberto Guagni, Tommaso Prosperi, Paolo The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title | The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_full | The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_fullStr | The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_short | The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review |
title_sort | role of damps in burns and hemorrhagic shock immune response: pathophysiology and clinical issues. review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268351/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137020 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT pantalonedesire theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT bergaminicarlo theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT martelluccijacopo theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT alemannogiovanni theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT bruscinoalessandro theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT maltintigherardo theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT sheiterlemaximilian theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT viligiardiriccardo theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT panconesiroberto theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT guagnitommaso theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT prosperipaolo theroleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT pantalonedesire roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT bergaminicarlo roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT martelluccijacopo roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT alemannogiovanni roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT bruscinoalessandro roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT maltintigherardo roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT sheiterlemaximilian roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT viligiardiriccardo roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT panconesiroberto roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT guagnitommaso roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview AT prosperipaolo roleofdampsinburnsandhemorrhagicshockimmuneresponsepathophysiologyandclinicalissuesreview |