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The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review

Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a gene...

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Autores principales: Pantalone, Desirè, Bergamini, Carlo, Martellucci, Jacopo, Alemanno, Giovanni, Bruscino, Alessandro, Maltinti, Gherardo, Sheiterle, Maximilian, Viligiardi, Riccardo, Panconesi, Roberto, Guagni, Tommaso, Prosperi, Paolo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137020
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author Pantalone, Desirè
Bergamini, Carlo
Martellucci, Jacopo
Alemanno, Giovanni
Bruscino, Alessandro
Maltinti, Gherardo
Sheiterle, Maximilian
Viligiardi, Riccardo
Panconesi, Roberto
Guagni, Tommaso
Prosperi, Paolo
author_facet Pantalone, Desirè
Bergamini, Carlo
Martellucci, Jacopo
Alemanno, Giovanni
Bruscino, Alessandro
Maltinti, Gherardo
Sheiterle, Maximilian
Viligiardi, Riccardo
Panconesi, Roberto
Guagni, Tommaso
Prosperi, Paolo
author_sort Pantalone, Desirè
collection PubMed
description Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns.
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spelling pubmed-82683512021-07-10 The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review Pantalone, Desirè Bergamini, Carlo Martellucci, Jacopo Alemanno, Giovanni Bruscino, Alessandro Maltinti, Gherardo Sheiterle, Maximilian Viligiardi, Riccardo Panconesi, Roberto Guagni, Tommaso Prosperi, Paolo Int J Mol Sci Review Severe or major burns induce a pathophysiological, immune, and inflammatory response that can persist for a long time and affect morbidity and mortality. Severe burns are followed by a “hypermetabolic response”, an inflammatory process that can be extensive and become uncontrolled, leading to a generalized catabolic state and delayed healing. Catabolism causes the upregulation of inflammatory cells and innate immune markers in various organs, which may lead to multiorgan failure and death. Burns activate immune cells and cytokine production regulated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Trauma has similar injury-related immune responses, whereby DAMPs are massively released in musculoskeletal injuries and elicit widespread systemic inflammation. Hemorrhagic shock is the main cause of death in trauma. It is hypovolemic, and the consequence of volume loss and the speed of blood loss manifest immediately after injury. In burns, the shock becomes evident within the first 24 h and is hypovolemic-distributive due to the severely compromised regulation of tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery caused by capillary leakage, whereby fluids shift from the intravascular to the interstitial space. In this review, we compare the pathophysiological responses to burns and trauma including their associated clinical patterns. MDPI 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8268351/ /pubmed/34209943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137020 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pantalone, Desirè
Bergamini, Carlo
Martellucci, Jacopo
Alemanno, Giovanni
Bruscino, Alessandro
Maltinti, Gherardo
Sheiterle, Maximilian
Viligiardi, Riccardo
Panconesi, Roberto
Guagni, Tommaso
Prosperi, Paolo
The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
title The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
title_full The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
title_fullStr The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
title_full_unstemmed The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
title_short The Role of DAMPS in Burns and Hemorrhagic Shock Immune Response: Pathophysiology and Clinical Issues. Review
title_sort role of damps in burns and hemorrhagic shock immune response: pathophysiology and clinical issues. review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34209943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137020
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