Cargando…

Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics

Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentia...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ponzetti, Marco, Rucci, Nadia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206294
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136651
_version_ 1783720390008242176
author Ponzetti, Marco
Rucci, Nadia
author_facet Ponzetti, Marco
Rucci, Nadia
author_sort Ponzetti, Marco
collection PubMed
description Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation and signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that this is just the tip of the iceberg, and we are constantly discovering novel concepts in osteoblast physiology. In this review, we discuss well-established pathways of osteoblastic differentiation, i.e., the classical ones committing mesenchymal stromal cells to osteoblast, and then osteocytes as well as recently emerged players. In particular, we discuss micro (mi)RNAs, long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on the mechanisms through which osteoblasts are regulated by these factors, and conversely, how they use extracellular vesicles to communicate with the surrounding microenvironment.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8268587
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-82685872021-07-10 Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics Ponzetti, Marco Rucci, Nadia Int J Mol Sci Review Osteoblasts, the cells that build up our skeleton, are remarkably versatile and important cells that need tight regulation in all the phases of their differentiation to guarantee proper skeletal development and homeostasis. Although we know many of the key pathways involved in osteoblast differentiation and signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that this is just the tip of the iceberg, and we are constantly discovering novel concepts in osteoblast physiology. In this review, we discuss well-established pathways of osteoblastic differentiation, i.e., the classical ones committing mesenchymal stromal cells to osteoblast, and then osteocytes as well as recently emerged players. In particular, we discuss micro (mi)RNAs, long non-coding (lnc)RNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on the mechanisms through which osteoblasts are regulated by these factors, and conversely, how they use extracellular vesicles to communicate with the surrounding microenvironment. MDPI 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8268587/ /pubmed/34206294 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136651 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ponzetti, Marco
Rucci, Nadia
Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
title Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
title_full Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
title_fullStr Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
title_full_unstemmed Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
title_short Osteoblast Differentiation and Signaling: Established Concepts and Emerging Topics
title_sort osteoblast differentiation and signaling: established concepts and emerging topics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268587/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206294
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136651
work_keys_str_mv AT ponzettimarco osteoblastdifferentiationandsignalingestablishedconceptsandemergingtopics
AT ruccinadia osteoblastdifferentiationandsignalingestablishedconceptsandemergingtopics