Cargando…
The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways
Obesity is a chronic state of energy imbalance that represents a major public health problem and greatly increases the risk for developing hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a multitude of related pathologies that encompass the metabolic syndrome. The underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment strate...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268643/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208939 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137050 |
_version_ | 1783720402641485824 |
---|---|
author | Mehay, Darren Silberman, Yuval Arnold, Amy C. |
author_facet | Mehay, Darren Silberman, Yuval Arnold, Amy C. |
author_sort | Mehay, Darren |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is a chronic state of energy imbalance that represents a major public health problem and greatly increases the risk for developing hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a multitude of related pathologies that encompass the metabolic syndrome. The underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for obesity, however, are still not fully understood. The control of energy balance involves the actions of circulating hormones on a widely distributed network of brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, including the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. While obesity is known to disrupt neurocircuits controlling energy balance, including those in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the pharmacological targeting of these central mechanisms often produces adverse cardiovascular and other off-target effects. This highlights the critical need to identify new anti-obesity drugs that can activate central neurocircuits to induce weight loss without negatively impacting blood pressure control. The renin–angiotensin system may provide this ideal target, as recent studies show this hormonal system can engage neurocircuits originating in the arcuate nucleus to improve energy balance without elevating blood pressure in animal models. This review will summarize the current knowledge of renin–angiotensin system actions within the arcuate nucleus for control of energy balance, with a focus on emerging roles for angiotensin II, prorenin, and angiotensin-(1–7) pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8268643 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82686432021-07-10 The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways Mehay, Darren Silberman, Yuval Arnold, Amy C. Int J Mol Sci Review Obesity is a chronic state of energy imbalance that represents a major public health problem and greatly increases the risk for developing hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a multitude of related pathologies that encompass the metabolic syndrome. The underlying mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies for obesity, however, are still not fully understood. The control of energy balance involves the actions of circulating hormones on a widely distributed network of brain regions involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, including the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. While obesity is known to disrupt neurocircuits controlling energy balance, including those in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, the pharmacological targeting of these central mechanisms often produces adverse cardiovascular and other off-target effects. This highlights the critical need to identify new anti-obesity drugs that can activate central neurocircuits to induce weight loss without negatively impacting blood pressure control. The renin–angiotensin system may provide this ideal target, as recent studies show this hormonal system can engage neurocircuits originating in the arcuate nucleus to improve energy balance without elevating blood pressure in animal models. This review will summarize the current knowledge of renin–angiotensin system actions within the arcuate nucleus for control of energy balance, with a focus on emerging roles for angiotensin II, prorenin, and angiotensin-(1–7) pathways. MDPI 2021-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8268643/ /pubmed/34208939 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137050 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mehay, Darren Silberman, Yuval Arnold, Amy C. The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways |
title | The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways |
title_full | The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways |
title_fullStr | The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways |
title_full_unstemmed | The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways |
title_short | The Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Metabolic Regulation: An Emerging Role for Renin–Angiotensin Pathways |
title_sort | arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and metabolic regulation: an emerging role for renin–angiotensin pathways |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8268643/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34208939 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137050 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mehaydarren thearcuatenucleusofthehypothalamusandmetabolicregulationanemergingroleforreninangiotensinpathways AT silbermanyuval thearcuatenucleusofthehypothalamusandmetabolicregulationanemergingroleforreninangiotensinpathways AT arnoldamyc thearcuatenucleusofthehypothalamusandmetabolicregulationanemergingroleforreninangiotensinpathways AT mehaydarren arcuatenucleusofthehypothalamusandmetabolicregulationanemergingroleforreninangiotensinpathways AT silbermanyuval arcuatenucleusofthehypothalamusandmetabolicregulationanemergingroleforreninangiotensinpathways AT arnoldamyc arcuatenucleusofthehypothalamusandmetabolicregulationanemergingroleforreninangiotensinpathways |