D‐dimer, thrombin generation, and risk of a first venous thrombosis in the elderly

BACKGROUND: A high D‐dimer level and parameters of the thrombin generation (TG) potential are associated with the risk of a first venous thrombosis (VT) in young and middle‐aged populations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether D‐dimer and TG potential (lag‐time, time‐to‐peak [ttPeak], peak thrombin, endogenous thrombin potential [ETP], and velocity index), are associated with the risk of a first VT in those aged 70 years and older. METHODS: We included 215 patients with a first VT and 358 controls, all aged >70 years, from the Age and Thrombosis, Acquired and Genetic Risk Factors in the Elderly (AT‐AGE) study. To assess the risk of VT, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: D‐dimer and all TG parameters except lag time were associated with an increased risk of VT in a dose‐response manner. Comparing the fourth with the first quartile (for ttPeak comparing the first with the fourth quartile), risk estimates were: 7.8 (95% CI, 4.0‐15.0) for peak, 2.0 (95% CI, 1.2‐3.3) for ttPeak, 9.1 (95% CI, 4.4‐18.9) for ETP, and 11.5 (95% CI, 5.7‐23.3) for velocity index. Comparing the highest quartile of D‐dimer with the lowest, the risk was 7.7‐fold increased (95% CI, 4.0‐14.8). Furthermore, all factors also increased the risk of VT after dichotomizing at more extreme cutoff values. The risk of VT was further increased in the presence of multiple prothrombotic TG parameters and elevated D‐dimer level or in combination with prothrombotic mutations. CONCLUSIONS: D‐dimer and TG parameters (except lag time) are associated with the risk of first VT in elderly population.