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Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory disease involving the salivary and lacrimal glands, presents symptoms of sicca as well as systemic manifestations such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Only a few treatments have been successful in management of SS; thus treatment of the disease is...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8269365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281285 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137231 |
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author | Kim, Joa Kim, Yun-Sung Park, Sung-Hwan |
author_facet | Kim, Joa Kim, Yun-Sung Park, Sung-Hwan |
author_sort | Kim, Joa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory disease involving the salivary and lacrimal glands, presents symptoms of sicca as well as systemic manifestations such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Only a few treatments have been successful in management of SS; thus treatment of the disease is challenging. Metformin is the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes and has anti-inflammatory potential. Its immunomodulatory capacity is exerted via activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Metformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I which leads to change in adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) to adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) ratio. This results in AMPK activation and causes inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR plays an important role in T cell differentiation and mTOR deficient T cells differentiate into regulatory T cells. In this manner, metformin enhances immunoregulatory response in an individual. mTOR is responsible for B cell proliferation and germinal center (GC) differentiation. Thus, reduction of B cell differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells occurs via downregulation of mTOR. Due to the lack of suggested treatment for SS, metformin has been considered as a treatment strategy and is expected to ameliorate salivary gland function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8269365 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82693652021-07-10 Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome Kim, Joa Kim, Yun-Sung Park, Sung-Hwan Int J Mol Sci Review Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory disease involving the salivary and lacrimal glands, presents symptoms of sicca as well as systemic manifestations such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Only a few treatments have been successful in management of SS; thus treatment of the disease is challenging. Metformin is the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes and has anti-inflammatory potential. Its immunomodulatory capacity is exerted via activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Metformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I which leads to change in adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) to adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) ratio. This results in AMPK activation and causes inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR plays an important role in T cell differentiation and mTOR deficient T cells differentiate into regulatory T cells. In this manner, metformin enhances immunoregulatory response in an individual. mTOR is responsible for B cell proliferation and germinal center (GC) differentiation. Thus, reduction of B cell differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells occurs via downregulation of mTOR. Due to the lack of suggested treatment for SS, metformin has been considered as a treatment strategy and is expected to ameliorate salivary gland function. MDPI 2021-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8269365/ /pubmed/34281285 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137231 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kim, Joa Kim, Yun-Sung Park, Sung-Hwan Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome |
title | Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome |
title_full | Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome |
title_fullStr | Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome |
title_short | Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome |
title_sort | metformin as a treatment strategy for sjögren’s syndrome |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8269365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34281285 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137231 |
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