Influence of Amorphous Boron Grain Size, High Isostatic Pressure, Annealing Temperature, and Filling Density of Unreacted Material on Structure, Critical Parameters, n-Value, and Engineering Critical Current Density in MgB(2) Wires

Our results show that a lower density of unreacted Mg + B material during an Mg solid-state synthesis reaction leads to a significant reduction in the quantity of the superconducting phase and lowers the homogeneity of the superconducting material. It also significantly reduces the irreversible magnetic field (B(irr)), critical temperature (T(c)), upper magnetic field (B(c2)), engineered critical current density (J(ec)), and n-value, despite high isostatic pressure (HIP) treatment and the use of nanoboron in the sample. Our measurements show that samples with large boron grains with an 8% higher density of unreacted Mg + B material allow better critical parameters to be achieved. Studies have shown that the density of unreacted material has little effect on B(irr), T(c), B(c2), J(ec), and the n-value for an Mg liquid-state synthesis reaction. The results show that the critical parameters during an Mg liquid-state synthesis reaction depend mainly on grain size. Nanoboron grains allow for the highest B(irr), T(c), B(c2), J(ec), and n-values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images taken from the longitudinal sections of the wires show that the samples annealed under low isostatic pressure have a highly heterogeneous structure. High isostatic pressure heat treatment greatly improves the homogeneity of MgB(2).