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Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population

Background Classic form of celiac disease (CCD) presents with diarrhea and is traditionally taught as malabsorption syndrome. This form of CD is diagnosed with ease but non-classical form presenting without diarrhea is often missed and heavily underdiagnosed. Objective To determine the clinical spec...

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Autores principales: ., Imran, Cheema, Huma Arshad, Alvi, Muhammad Arshad, Rehman, Mujeeb Ur, Ali, Muhammad, Sarwar, Hussan Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270062/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34279518
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15582
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author ., Imran
Cheema, Huma Arshad
Alvi, Muhammad Arshad
Rehman, Mujeeb Ur
Ali, Muhammad
Sarwar, Hussan Ali
author_facet ., Imran
Cheema, Huma Arshad
Alvi, Muhammad Arshad
Rehman, Mujeeb Ur
Ali, Muhammad
Sarwar, Hussan Ali
author_sort ., Imran
collection PubMed
description Background Classic form of celiac disease (CCD) presents with diarrhea and is traditionally taught as malabsorption syndrome. This form of CD is diagnosed with ease but non-classical form presenting without diarrhea is often missed and heavily underdiagnosed. Objective To determine the clinical spectrum of patients with CD. Methods This study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology at the Children’s Hospital, Lahore. Confirmed CD children according to NASPGHAN (North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition) criteria were enrolled in this study from June to September, 2020. Initial positivity followed by small bowel biopsy with Modified Marsh 2 and above is considered consistent with the diagnosis of CD. Results A total of 90 patients were selected according to NASPGHAN criteria, 77 (85.6%) patients had CCD whereas 13 (14.4%) patients had non-classical CD (NCCD). The mean ± SD age at diagnosis of CCD was 2.6 ± 2.3 years whereas mean ± SD in NCCD was 9 ± 1.8 years. Females clearly predominate in our cohort in general. Chronic diarrhea followed by failure to thrive (85%) were the most common symptoms in CCD whereas short stature (69%) was the most frequent feature in NCCD. Among CD patients, tissue transglutaminase-​immunoglobulin A (TTG-IgA) titre was significantly high (>10 times) in 80% of CD patients and the rest had positivity but not up to 10 times. There was no significant difference in titre of anti-TTG between CCD and NCCD. Conclusion Classical CD is still the most common in developing countries like Pakistan. High index of suspicion of CD should be maintained for patients who present with short stature, recurrent abdominal pain and refractory anemia.
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spelling pubmed-82700622021-07-15 Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population ., Imran Cheema, Huma Arshad Alvi, Muhammad Arshad Rehman, Mujeeb Ur Ali, Muhammad Sarwar, Hussan Ali Cureus Pediatrics Background Classic form of celiac disease (CCD) presents with diarrhea and is traditionally taught as malabsorption syndrome. This form of CD is diagnosed with ease but non-classical form presenting without diarrhea is often missed and heavily underdiagnosed. Objective To determine the clinical spectrum of patients with CD. Methods This study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology at the Children’s Hospital, Lahore. Confirmed CD children according to NASPGHAN (North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition) criteria were enrolled in this study from June to September, 2020. Initial positivity followed by small bowel biopsy with Modified Marsh 2 and above is considered consistent with the diagnosis of CD. Results A total of 90 patients were selected according to NASPGHAN criteria, 77 (85.6%) patients had CCD whereas 13 (14.4%) patients had non-classical CD (NCCD). The mean ± SD age at diagnosis of CCD was 2.6 ± 2.3 years whereas mean ± SD in NCCD was 9 ± 1.8 years. Females clearly predominate in our cohort in general. Chronic diarrhea followed by failure to thrive (85%) were the most common symptoms in CCD whereas short stature (69%) was the most frequent feature in NCCD. Among CD patients, tissue transglutaminase-​immunoglobulin A (TTG-IgA) titre was significantly high (>10 times) in 80% of CD patients and the rest had positivity but not up to 10 times. There was no significant difference in titre of anti-TTG between CCD and NCCD. Conclusion Classical CD is still the most common in developing countries like Pakistan. High index of suspicion of CD should be maintained for patients who present with short stature, recurrent abdominal pain and refractory anemia. Cureus 2021-06-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8270062/ /pubmed/34279518 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15582 Text en Copyright © 2021, . et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Pediatrics
., Imran
Cheema, Huma Arshad
Alvi, Muhammad Arshad
Rehman, Mujeeb Ur
Ali, Muhammad
Sarwar, Hussan Ali
Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population
title Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population
title_full Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population
title_fullStr Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population
title_full_unstemmed Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population
title_short Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Population
title_sort spectrum of clinical presentation of celiac disease in pediatric population
topic Pediatrics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270062/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34279518
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.15582
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