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Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period

Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin,...

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Autores principales: Táborský, Jan, Sus, Josef, Lachman, Jaromír, Šebková, Barbora, Adamcová, Anežka, Šatínský, Dalibor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206687
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133816
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author Táborský, Jan
Sus, Josef
Lachman, Jaromír
Šebková, Barbora
Adamcová, Anežka
Šatínský, Dalibor
author_facet Táborský, Jan
Sus, Josef
Lachman, Jaromír
Šebková, Barbora
Adamcová, Anežka
Šatínský, Dalibor
author_sort Táborský, Jan
collection PubMed
description Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g(−1) of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g(−1) of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g(−1) of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g(−1) of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g(−1) of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g(−1) of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation.
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spelling pubmed-82703422021-07-10 Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period Táborský, Jan Sus, Josef Lachman, Jaromír Šebková, Barbora Adamcová, Anežka Šatínský, Dalibor Molecules Article Apple trees (Malus domestica Borgh) are a rich source of dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Considering the increasing demand for these phytochemicals with health-benefitting properties, the objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of the main bioactive compounds—phloridzin, phloretin, chlorogenic acid and rutin—in apple tree bark, leaves, flower buds and twigs. The variety in the phenolic profiles of four apple tree cultivars was monitored during the vegetation period from March to September using chromatography analysis. Phloridzin, the major glycoside of interest, reached the highest values in the bark of all the tested cultivars in May (up to 91.7 ± 4.4 mg g(−1) of the dried weight (DW), cv. ‘Opal’). In the leaves, the highest levels of phloridzin were found in cv. ‘Opal’ in May (82.5 ± 22.0 mg g(−1) of DW); in twigs, the highest levels were found in cv. ‘Rozela’ in September (52.4 ± 12.1 mg g(−1) of DW). In the flower buds, the content of phloridzin was similar to that in the twigs. Aglycone phloretin was found only in the leaves in relatively low concentrations (max. value 2.8 ± 1.4 mg g(−1) of DW). The highest values of rutin were found in the leaves of all the tested cultivars (10.5 ± 2.9 mg g(−1) of DW, cv. ‘Opal’ in September); the concentrations in the bark and twigs were much lower. The highest content of chlorogenic acid was found in flower buds (3.3 ± 1.0 mg g(−1) of DW, cv. ‘Rozela’). Whole apple fruits harvested in September were rich in chlorogenic acid and phloridzin. The statistical evaluation by Scheffe’s test confirmed the significant difference of cv. ‘Rozela’ from the other tested cultivars. In conclusion, apple tree bark, twigs, and leaves were found to be important renewable resources of bioactive phenolics, especially phloridzin and rutin. The simple availability of waste plant material can therefore be used as a rich source of phenolic compounds for cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and food supplement preparation. MDPI 2021-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8270342/ /pubmed/34206687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133816 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Táborský, Jan
Sus, Josef
Lachman, Jaromír
Šebková, Barbora
Adamcová, Anežka
Šatínský, Dalibor
Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period
title Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period
title_full Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period
title_fullStr Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period
title_full_unstemmed Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period
title_short Dynamics of Phloridzin and Related Compounds in Four Cultivars of Apple Trees during the Vegetation Period
title_sort dynamics of phloridzin and related compounds in four cultivars of apple trees during the vegetation period
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8270342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34206687
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133816
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