An Enhanced Smoothed L(0)-Norm Direction of Arrival Estimation Method Using Covariance Matrix

An enhanced smoothed [Formula: see text]-norm algorithm for the passive phased array system, which uses the covariance matrix of the received signal, is proposed in this paper. The SL0 (smoothed [Formula: see text]-norm) algorithm is a fast compressive-sensing-based DOA (direction-of-arrival) estimation algorithm that uses a single snapshot from the received signal. In the conventional SL0 algorithm, there are limitations in the resolution and the DOA estimation performance, since a single sample is used. If multiple snapshots are used, the conventional SL0 algorithm can improve performance in terms of the DOA estimation. In this paper, a covariance-fitting-based SL0 algorithm is proposed to further reduce the number of optimization variables when using multiple snapshots of the received signal. A cost function and a new null-space projection term of the sparse recovery for the proposed scheme are presented. In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, we present the simulation results and the experimental results based on the measured data.