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A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women

BACKGROUND: The major hormonal changes observed in pregnant women lead to an imbalance in the oral environment. Hence, recent studies suggest that the placenta may harbor a unique microbiome that may have originated in the maternal oral microbiome. AIM: The present study aimed to assess the risk fac...

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Autores principales: Shaimaa, Zainab, Heena, Hugar, Deepa, Sultana, Ameena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8272470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34349421
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_255_20
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author Shaimaa,
Zainab, Heena
Hugar, Deepa
Sultana, Ameena
author_facet Shaimaa,
Zainab, Heena
Hugar, Deepa
Sultana, Ameena
author_sort Shaimaa,
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The major hormonal changes observed in pregnant women lead to an imbalance in the oral environment. Hence, recent studies suggest that the placenta may harbor a unique microbiome that may have originated in the maternal oral microbiome. AIM: The present study aimed to assess the risk factor of oral candidiasis in pregnancy and to evaluate the prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity of pregnant women in all three trimesters. The comparison was also done between pregnant and nonpregnant women to evaluate the cause of the prevalence of candidal species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty pregnant and thirty nonpregnant women aged between 20 and 30 years were included in the study that were healthy and who did not have any obvious lesion in the oral cavity. The sterile swabs were used to collect samples from the oral cavity from both the groups by brushing the dorsum of the tongue and buccal mucosa. The pregnant women were followed throughout the pregnancy, i.e., in every trimester, for the sample collection. The samples were then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar media. The positive growth on culture plates was then inoculated on HiCrome agar differential agar media for speciation. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done by comparing the positive growth in pregnant and nonpregnant women using Fisher's exact test. The pregnant women were compared in three trimesters using the McNemar Chi-square test. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that there was no significant presence of Candidal species when compared between pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The prevalence of Candida species also remained the same.
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spelling pubmed-82724702021-08-03 A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women Shaimaa, Zainab, Heena Hugar, Deepa Sultana, Ameena J Oral Maxillofac Pathol Original Article BACKGROUND: The major hormonal changes observed in pregnant women lead to an imbalance in the oral environment. Hence, recent studies suggest that the placenta may harbor a unique microbiome that may have originated in the maternal oral microbiome. AIM: The present study aimed to assess the risk factor of oral candidiasis in pregnancy and to evaluate the prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity of pregnant women in all three trimesters. The comparison was also done between pregnant and nonpregnant women to evaluate the cause of the prevalence of candidal species. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty pregnant and thirty nonpregnant women aged between 20 and 30 years were included in the study that were healthy and who did not have any obvious lesion in the oral cavity. The sterile swabs were used to collect samples from the oral cavity from both the groups by brushing the dorsum of the tongue and buccal mucosa. The pregnant women were followed throughout the pregnancy, i.e., in every trimester, for the sample collection. The samples were then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar media. The positive growth on culture plates was then inoculated on HiCrome agar differential agar media for speciation. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was done by comparing the positive growth in pregnant and nonpregnant women using Fisher's exact test. The pregnant women were compared in three trimesters using the McNemar Chi-square test. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that there was no significant presence of Candidal species when compared between pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The prevalence of Candida species also remained the same. Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 2021 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8272470/ /pubmed/34349421 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_255_20 Text en Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Shaimaa,
Zainab, Heena
Hugar, Deepa
Sultana, Ameena
A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
title A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
title_full A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
title_fullStr A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
title_short A comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
title_sort comparative study to assess risk of oral candidiasis in pregnant and nonpregnant women
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8272470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34349421
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_255_20
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