Expression of stem cell marker cytokeratin 19 in reduced enamel epithelium, dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma – A comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The process of odontogenesis is complex involving epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, along with the molecular signaling pathways triggering the initiating process. The triggering factors and cells precisely involved in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumors are unknown. There is a vast array of biomarkers used to stain different sites, thereby helpful in diagnosing and evaluating the prognosis of these cysts and tumors. Cytokeratins are the intermediate filament proteins which maintain cell integrity and alter their properties in cysts and tumors. In the following study, cytokeratin 19 expression patterns are assessed quantitatively in reduced enamel epithelium, dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma. AIM: The aim of present study is to assess expression of CK 19, a stem cell marker in reduced enamel epithelium, dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma, quantitatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is carried out with 15 samples in each group. Reduced enamel epithelium is derived from the patients undergoing treatment for impacted teeth. Histopathologically diagnosed cases of dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma were considered for the study. With the help of Olympus BX 43 microscope, with ProgRes microscope camera, the 45 slides obtained were examined. The region of interest was selected in each slide and number of cells positively stained was counted. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Descriptive for scale data, One way anova with post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup comparison. RESULTS: The results showed significant P value <0.05. Expression of CK 19 was highest in reduced enamel epithelium, followed by dentigerous cyst and unicystic ameloblastoma. CONCLUSION: CK 19 can be used as diagnostic marker to differentiate between odontogenic cyst and tumor.