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Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)

This study on the gross anatomy of the West African giraffe's hind limb was aimed at investigating the unique morphological features and number of bones making up this region of the skeleton. Two (2) adults obtained as carcasses at different times after postmortem examination were prepared to e...

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Autores principales: Onwuama, Kenechukwu T., Salami, Sulaiman O., Kigir, Esther S., Jaji, Alhaji Z.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8272664/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34306607
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8818525
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author Onwuama, Kenechukwu T.
Salami, Sulaiman O.
Kigir, Esther S.
Jaji, Alhaji Z.
author_facet Onwuama, Kenechukwu T.
Salami, Sulaiman O.
Kigir, Esther S.
Jaji, Alhaji Z.
author_sort Onwuama, Kenechukwu T.
collection PubMed
description This study on the gross anatomy of the West African giraffe's hind limb was aimed at investigating the unique morphological features and number of bones making up this region of the skeleton. Two (2) adults obtained as carcasses at different times after postmortem examination were prepared to extract the bones via cold water maceration for use in the study. The appearance of the ossa coxarum and its features presented similarities to that of the horse. However, differences were evident in the convex cranial border of the ilium, small less prominent coxal tuber, and wider interval between the opposite sacral tuber and an oval obturator foramen. Common features reported in most species such as the gluteal line and psoas tubercle were absent. The long femur presented proximally; the greater trochanter connected obliquely via the trochanteric crest to the lesser trochanter. The supracondyloid fossa, obliquely directed medial condyle, and trochlea with two unequal ridges were presented distally. The fibula was absent while the tibia was typical of ruminant presentation with one popliteal line and no muscular lines on its caudal surface. The five (5) tarsals were arranged three proximally and two distally. One (1) metatarsal (3rd and 4th fused) presented two condyles that anchor two (2) digits with 3 phalanges and 3 sesamoid bones each. The total number of bones making up the hind limb was accounted to be 45. In conclusion, this study has provided a baseline data for further biological, archeological, and comparative anatomical studies.
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spelling pubmed-82726642021-07-22 Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta) Onwuama, Kenechukwu T. Salami, Sulaiman O. Kigir, Esther S. Jaji, Alhaji Z. Vet Med Int Research Article This study on the gross anatomy of the West African giraffe's hind limb was aimed at investigating the unique morphological features and number of bones making up this region of the skeleton. Two (2) adults obtained as carcasses at different times after postmortem examination were prepared to extract the bones via cold water maceration for use in the study. The appearance of the ossa coxarum and its features presented similarities to that of the horse. However, differences were evident in the convex cranial border of the ilium, small less prominent coxal tuber, and wider interval between the opposite sacral tuber and an oval obturator foramen. Common features reported in most species such as the gluteal line and psoas tubercle were absent. The long femur presented proximally; the greater trochanter connected obliquely via the trochanteric crest to the lesser trochanter. The supracondyloid fossa, obliquely directed medial condyle, and trochlea with two unequal ridges were presented distally. The fibula was absent while the tibia was typical of ruminant presentation with one popliteal line and no muscular lines on its caudal surface. The five (5) tarsals were arranged three proximally and two distally. One (1) metatarsal (3rd and 4th fused) presented two condyles that anchor two (2) digits with 3 phalanges and 3 sesamoid bones each. The total number of bones making up the hind limb was accounted to be 45. In conclusion, this study has provided a baseline data for further biological, archeological, and comparative anatomical studies. Hindawi 2021-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8272664/ /pubmed/34306607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8818525 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kenechukwu T. Onwuama et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Onwuama, Kenechukwu T.
Salami, Sulaiman O.
Kigir, Esther S.
Jaji, Alhaji Z.
Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
title Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
title_full Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
title_fullStr Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
title_full_unstemmed Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
title_short Gross Anatomical Studies on the Hind Limb of the West African Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
title_sort gross anatomical studies on the hind limb of the west african giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis peralta)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8272664/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34306607
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8818525
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