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Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source
Quantitative backscattered electron imaging is an established method to map mineral content distributions in bone and to determine the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD). The method we applied was initially validated for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a tungsten hair...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8273060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33837801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00832-5 |
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author | Hartmann, Markus A. Blouin, Stéphane Misof, Barbara M. Fratzl-Zelman, Nadja Roschger, Paul Berzlanovich, Andrea Gruber, Gerlinde M. Brugger, Peter C. Zwerina, Jochen Fratzl, Peter |
author_facet | Hartmann, Markus A. Blouin, Stéphane Misof, Barbara M. Fratzl-Zelman, Nadja Roschger, Paul Berzlanovich, Andrea Gruber, Gerlinde M. Brugger, Peter C. Zwerina, Jochen Fratzl, Peter |
author_sort | Hartmann, Markus A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Quantitative backscattered electron imaging is an established method to map mineral content distributions in bone and to determine the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD). The method we applied was initially validated for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a tungsten hairpin cathode (thermionic electron emission) under strongly defined settings of SEM parameters. For several reasons, it would be interesting to migrate the technique to a SEM with a field emission electron source (FE-SEM), which, however, would require to work with different SEM parameter settings as have been validated for DSM 962. The FE-SEM has a much better spatial resolution based on an electron source size in the order of several 100 nanometers, corresponding to an about [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] times smaller source area compared to thermionic sources. In the present work, we compare BMDD between these two types of instruments in order to further validate the methodology. We show that a transition to higher pixel resolution (1.76, 0.88, and 0.57 μm) results in shifts of the BMDD peak and BMDD width to higher values. Further the inter-device reproducibility of the mean calcium content shows a difference of up to 1 wt% Ca, while the technical variance of each device can be reduced to [Formula: see text] wt% Ca. Bearing in mind that shifts in calcium levels due to diseases, e.g., high turnover osteoporosis, are often in the range of 1 wt% Ca, both the bone samples of the patients as well as the control samples have to be measured on the same SEM device. Therefore, we also constructed new reference BMDD curves for adults to be used for FE-SEM data comparison. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8273060 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82730602021-07-20 Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source Hartmann, Markus A. Blouin, Stéphane Misof, Barbara M. Fratzl-Zelman, Nadja Roschger, Paul Berzlanovich, Andrea Gruber, Gerlinde M. Brugger, Peter C. Zwerina, Jochen Fratzl, Peter Calcif Tissue Int Original Research Quantitative backscattered electron imaging is an established method to map mineral content distributions in bone and to determine the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD). The method we applied was initially validated for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a tungsten hairpin cathode (thermionic electron emission) under strongly defined settings of SEM parameters. For several reasons, it would be interesting to migrate the technique to a SEM with a field emission electron source (FE-SEM), which, however, would require to work with different SEM parameter settings as have been validated for DSM 962. The FE-SEM has a much better spatial resolution based on an electron source size in the order of several 100 nanometers, corresponding to an about [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] times smaller source area compared to thermionic sources. In the present work, we compare BMDD between these two types of instruments in order to further validate the methodology. We show that a transition to higher pixel resolution (1.76, 0.88, and 0.57 μm) results in shifts of the BMDD peak and BMDD width to higher values. Further the inter-device reproducibility of the mean calcium content shows a difference of up to 1 wt% Ca, while the technical variance of each device can be reduced to [Formula: see text] wt% Ca. Bearing in mind that shifts in calcium levels due to diseases, e.g., high turnover osteoporosis, are often in the range of 1 wt% Ca, both the bone samples of the patients as well as the control samples have to be measured on the same SEM device. Therefore, we also constructed new reference BMDD curves for adults to be used for FE-SEM data comparison. Springer US 2021-04-10 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8273060/ /pubmed/33837801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00832-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Research Hartmann, Markus A. Blouin, Stéphane Misof, Barbara M. Fratzl-Zelman, Nadja Roschger, Paul Berzlanovich, Andrea Gruber, Gerlinde M. Brugger, Peter C. Zwerina, Jochen Fratzl, Peter Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source |
title | Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source |
title_full | Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source |
title_fullStr | Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source |
title_short | Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging of Bone Using a Thermionic or a Field Emission Electron Source |
title_sort | quantitative backscattered electron imaging of bone using a thermionic or a field emission electron source |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8273060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33837801 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-021-00832-5 |
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