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Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main reasons of death and morbidity in the world. Both women and men have high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although gender-related differences in mortality and morbidity rates are observed in different age groups of the population. I...

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Autores principales: Vakhtangadze, Tamar, Singh Tak, Rajeeka, Singh, Utkarsh, Baig, Mirza S., Bezsonov, Evgeny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8273377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34262956
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.707889
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author Vakhtangadze, Tamar
Singh Tak, Rajeeka
Singh, Utkarsh
Baig, Mirza S.
Bezsonov, Evgeny
author_facet Vakhtangadze, Tamar
Singh Tak, Rajeeka
Singh, Utkarsh
Baig, Mirza S.
Bezsonov, Evgeny
author_sort Vakhtangadze, Tamar
collection PubMed
description Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main reasons of death and morbidity in the world. Both women and men have high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although gender-related differences in mortality and morbidity rates are observed in different age groups of the population. In the large cohort of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), systemic hypertension, and valvular heart disease are particularly common in the population. CVDs caused by atherosclerosis are in the first place in terms of frequency, that is why society is particularly interested in this problem. The development and course of atherosclerotic processes associated with lipid and other metabolic changes are characterized by a long latent period, the clinical manifestation is often an acute vascular catastrophe, which can lead to human disability and death. Differences associated with sex are observed in the clinical course and manifestations, which raises the suspicion that gender influences processes related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD) includes two main most dangerous clinical manifestations: IHD and cerebrovascular disease (mainly ischemic stroke). Other less common clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis include aortic atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease. Gender-related differences were also identified concerning these diseases. The present review discusses the effects of gender and age on atherosclerotic processes, disease development, and clinical manifestations. The metabolic basis for the development of atherosclerosis appears to be related to sex hormones. Thus this issue is interesting and useful for doctors of different specialties.
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spelling pubmed-82733772021-07-13 Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes Vakhtangadze, Tamar Singh Tak, Rajeeka Singh, Utkarsh Baig, Mirza S. Bezsonov, Evgeny Front Cardiovasc Med Cardiovascular Medicine Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main reasons of death and morbidity in the world. Both women and men have high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, although gender-related differences in mortality and morbidity rates are observed in different age groups of the population. In the large cohort of cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), systemic hypertension, and valvular heart disease are particularly common in the population. CVDs caused by atherosclerosis are in the first place in terms of frequency, that is why society is particularly interested in this problem. The development and course of atherosclerotic processes associated with lipid and other metabolic changes are characterized by a long latent period, the clinical manifestation is often an acute vascular catastrophe, which can lead to human disability and death. Differences associated with sex are observed in the clinical course and manifestations, which raises the suspicion that gender influences processes related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACD) includes two main most dangerous clinical manifestations: IHD and cerebrovascular disease (mainly ischemic stroke). Other less common clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis include aortic atherosclerosis and peripheral vascular disease. Gender-related differences were also identified concerning these diseases. The present review discusses the effects of gender and age on atherosclerotic processes, disease development, and clinical manifestations. The metabolic basis for the development of atherosclerosis appears to be related to sex hormones. Thus this issue is interesting and useful for doctors of different specialties. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8273377/ /pubmed/34262956 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.707889 Text en Copyright © 2021 Vakhtangadze, Singh Tak, Singh, Baig and Bezsonov. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cardiovascular Medicine
Vakhtangadze, Tamar
Singh Tak, Rajeeka
Singh, Utkarsh
Baig, Mirza S.
Bezsonov, Evgeny
Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes
title Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes
title_full Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes
title_fullStr Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes
title_short Gender Differences in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: From Lipids to Clinical Outcomes
title_sort gender differences in atherosclerotic vascular disease: from lipids to clinical outcomes
topic Cardiovascular Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8273377/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34262956
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.707889
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