Significant presence of biofilm‐producing gut‐derived bacteria in anal fistula of chronic duration

Fistula‐in‐ano though not a life‐threatening condition, yet its symptoms often significantly impact patients' social, intimate, and work lives. There is an established role of bacterial microflora in acute infections. However, we proposed that biofilm‐forming organisms might be present in the microflora of anal fistula of prolonged duration. This aspect has rarely been studied earlier. Therefore, the study describes the microbiology of anal fistula and the biofilm‐forming capacity of the isolated organisms. A total of 30 patients were included in the study as per the criteria. Anal fistula tissue sample, tissue fluid, and blood samples were collected from each individual. The collected specimens were detected for the presence of aerobic and anaerobic microflora through standard microbiological method and polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the role of biofilm formation by microtitre plate assay and serum matrix metalloproteinases‐9 was also studied. The result showed significant predominance of gut‐derived microflora with high‐to‐moderate biofilm‐producing ability in anal fistulas of prolonged duration. The study emphasises the presence of biofilm‐forming bacteria in chronic, non‐healing fistula.