RANTES/CCL5 Signaling from Jawbone Cavitations to Epistemology of Multiple Sclerosis – Research and Case Studies

BACKGROUND: The role played by signaling pathways in the cell–cell communication associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) progression has become a critical area in research. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also named chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5; R/C), is a protein that has been investigated in neuroinflammatory research due to its link to MS development. OBJECTIVE: Research on bone marrow defects in the jawbone (BMDJ), which morphologically presents as fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis of the jawbone (FDOJ), presents overexpression of R/C signaling in affected areas. Here, we try to elucidate the potential link between jawbone-derived R/C and MS. METHODS: Seventeen BMDJ/FDOJ samples extracted from 17 MS patients, as well as samples from 19 healthy controls, were analyzed for R/C expression using bead-based Luminex(®) analysis. The serum R/C levels from 10 MS patients were examined. Further, bone density, histology, and R/C expression were analyzed in two clinical case studies. RESULTS: High R/C overexpression was found in all BMDJ/FDOJ samples obtained from the MS group. Serum R/C levels were also upregulated in the MS group. R/C serum levels in the MS cohort were higher than in the healthy controls. In contrast, the histology of BMDJ/FDOJ samples showed no inflammatory cells. DISCUSSION: R/C-induced “silent inflammation” in MS is widely discussed in the scientific literature, along with R/C triggering of inflammation in the central nervous system, which might be key in the development of MS. CONCLUSION: The authors suspect that BMDJ/FDOJ may serve as a trigger of MS progression via R/C overexpression. As such, the dental and medical communities should be made aware of BMDJ/FDOJ in cases of MS.