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A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiologic agent of Orf or ecthyma contagiosum in humans but primarily affects different domestic and wild animals. The disease mostly affects sheep, goats and other small wild ruminants and spreads to humans through direct contact with infected animals or by way of contaminat...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8275206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34267574 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S306446 |
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author | Kassa, Tesfaye |
author_facet | Kassa, Tesfaye |
author_sort | Kassa, Tesfaye |
collection | PubMed |
description | Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiologic agent of Orf or ecthyma contagiosum in humans but primarily affects different domestic and wild animals. The disease mostly affects sheep, goats and other small wild ruminants and spreads to humans through direct contact with infected animals or by way of contaminated fomites worldwide. ORFV is taxonomically classified as a member of the genus Parapoxvirus. It is known to have tolerance to inactivation in a drier environment, and it has been recovered from crusts after several months to years. Among immunocompetent people, the lesions usually resolve by its natural course within a maximum of 8 weeks. In immunosuppressed patients, however, it needs the use of various approaches including antiviral, immune modifier or minor surgical excisions. The virus through its association with divergent host ranges helps to develop a mechanism to evade the immune system. The relative emergence of Orf, diagnosed on clinical ground among human cases, in unusual frequencies in southwest Ethiopia between October 2019 and May 2020, was the driver to write this review. The objective was to increase health care providers’ diagnostic curiosity and to bring the attentiveness of public health advisors for prevention, control and the development of schemes for surveillance of Orf zoonosis in a similar setting like Ethiopia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8275206 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82752062021-07-14 A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis Kassa, Tesfaye Res Rep Trop Med Review Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiologic agent of Orf or ecthyma contagiosum in humans but primarily affects different domestic and wild animals. The disease mostly affects sheep, goats and other small wild ruminants and spreads to humans through direct contact with infected animals or by way of contaminated fomites worldwide. ORFV is taxonomically classified as a member of the genus Parapoxvirus. It is known to have tolerance to inactivation in a drier environment, and it has been recovered from crusts after several months to years. Among immunocompetent people, the lesions usually resolve by its natural course within a maximum of 8 weeks. In immunosuppressed patients, however, it needs the use of various approaches including antiviral, immune modifier or minor surgical excisions. The virus through its association with divergent host ranges helps to develop a mechanism to evade the immune system. The relative emergence of Orf, diagnosed on clinical ground among human cases, in unusual frequencies in southwest Ethiopia between October 2019 and May 2020, was the driver to write this review. The objective was to increase health care providers’ diagnostic curiosity and to bring the attentiveness of public health advisors for prevention, control and the development of schemes for surveillance of Orf zoonosis in a similar setting like Ethiopia. Dove 2021-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8275206/ /pubmed/34267574 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S306446 Text en © 2021 Kassa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Review Kassa, Tesfaye A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis |
title | A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis |
title_full | A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis |
title_fullStr | A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis |
title_full_unstemmed | A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis |
title_short | A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis |
title_sort | review on human orf: a neglected viral zoonosis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8275206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34267574 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/RRTM.S306446 |
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