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Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag
Metallurgical waste originating from the Zn and Pb refining process presents varying chemical composition and physical properties and contains varying quantities of pollutants. In the study, both fresh and weathered samples of production slag from the final Pb refining process were used to determine...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Netherlands
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8275510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00738-5 |
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author | Kicińska, Alicja |
author_facet | Kicińska, Alicja |
author_sort | Kicińska, Alicja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Metallurgical waste originating from the Zn and Pb refining process presents varying chemical composition and physical properties and contains varying quantities of pollutants. In the study, both fresh and weathered samples of production slag from the final Pb refining process were used to determine its physical parameters and chemical composition as well as to perform an environmental risk assessment (RAC, mRAC) related to its storage. This paper focuses on determining parameters such as natural humidity (1.8%) and bulk density (1267 kg/m(3)) of the slag. Also, its toxicity was analysed using bio-tests, its pH was measured (11.92) and the content of sulphates (3.5 wt%), chlorides (0.3 wt%) and selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) was determined. The Individual Contamination Factor was determined, yielding the following order of the hazard level: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Fe > Mn. Based on the mobility of metals determined using the Mobility Factor, it was concluded that the hazard level followed the sequence Cd > Pb > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu. The obtained water leaching results were compared to the values found in the legal regulations in force. Based on this comparison, it was established that the slag studied constitutes toxic waste containing considerable quantities of sulphides and chlorides. The material is also a considerable source of readily leaching elements (Cd, Zn and Pb), and thus any product created using the slag may become hazardous to the environment. Also, the waste studied must not be used in the form in which it is currently stored due to the leaching of particularly toxic elements (Cd and Pb) in water solutions with increasing acidity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8275510 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82755102021-07-20 Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag Kicińska, Alicja Environ Geochem Health Original Paper Metallurgical waste originating from the Zn and Pb refining process presents varying chemical composition and physical properties and contains varying quantities of pollutants. In the study, both fresh and weathered samples of production slag from the final Pb refining process were used to determine its physical parameters and chemical composition as well as to perform an environmental risk assessment (RAC, mRAC) related to its storage. This paper focuses on determining parameters such as natural humidity (1.8%) and bulk density (1267 kg/m(3)) of the slag. Also, its toxicity was analysed using bio-tests, its pH was measured (11.92) and the content of sulphates (3.5 wt%), chlorides (0.3 wt%) and selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb) was determined. The Individual Contamination Factor was determined, yielding the following order of the hazard level: Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Fe > Mn. Based on the mobility of metals determined using the Mobility Factor, it was concluded that the hazard level followed the sequence Cd > Pb > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu. The obtained water leaching results were compared to the values found in the legal regulations in force. Based on this comparison, it was established that the slag studied constitutes toxic waste containing considerable quantities of sulphides and chlorides. The material is also a considerable source of readily leaching elements (Cd, Zn and Pb), and thus any product created using the slag may become hazardous to the environment. Also, the waste studied must not be used in the form in which it is currently stored due to the leaching of particularly toxic elements (Cd and Pb) in water solutions with increasing acidity. Springer Netherlands 2020-10-13 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8275510/ /pubmed/33048285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00738-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Kicińska, Alicja Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
title | Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
title_full | Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
title_fullStr | Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
title_full_unstemmed | Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
title_short | Physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during Pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
title_sort | physical and chemical characteristics of slag produced during pb refining and the environmental risk associated with the storage of slag |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8275510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33048285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00738-5 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kicinskaalicja physicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofslagproducedduringpbrefiningandtheenvironmentalriskassociatedwiththestorageofslag |