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Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?

Allergic reactions to drugs and chemicals are mediated by an adaptive immune response involving specific T cells. During thymic selection, T cells that have not yet encountered their cognate antigen are considered naive T cells. Due to the artificial nature of drug/chemical-T-cell epitopes, it is no...

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Autores principales: Bechara, Rami, Feray, Alexia, Pallardy, Marc
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34267746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653102
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author Bechara, Rami
Feray, Alexia
Pallardy, Marc
author_facet Bechara, Rami
Feray, Alexia
Pallardy, Marc
author_sort Bechara, Rami
collection PubMed
description Allergic reactions to drugs and chemicals are mediated by an adaptive immune response involving specific T cells. During thymic selection, T cells that have not yet encountered their cognate antigen are considered naive T cells. Due to the artificial nature of drug/chemical-T-cell epitopes, it is not clear whether thymic selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells is a common phenomenon or remains limited to few donors or simply does not exist, suggesting T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity with other antigens. Selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells could be a relatively rare event accounting for the low occurrence of drug allergy. On the other hand, a large T-cell repertoire found in multiple donors would underline the potential of a drug/chemical to be recognized by many donors. Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. These observations may also suggest that in the case of drug/chemical allergy, the T-cell repertoire results from particular properties of certain TCR to recognize hapten-modified peptides without need for previous thymic selection. The aim of this review is to address the existence and the role of a naive T-cell repertoire in drug and chemical allergy. Understanding this role has the potential to reveal efficient strategies not only for allergy diagnosis but also for prediction of the immunogenic potential of new chemicals.
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spelling pubmed-82760712021-07-14 Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire? Bechara, Rami Feray, Alexia Pallardy, Marc Front Immunol Immunology Allergic reactions to drugs and chemicals are mediated by an adaptive immune response involving specific T cells. During thymic selection, T cells that have not yet encountered their cognate antigen are considered naive T cells. Due to the artificial nature of drug/chemical-T-cell epitopes, it is not clear whether thymic selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells is a common phenomenon or remains limited to few donors or simply does not exist, suggesting T-cell receptor (TCR) cross-reactivity with other antigens. Selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells could be a relatively rare event accounting for the low occurrence of drug allergy. On the other hand, a large T-cell repertoire found in multiple donors would underline the potential of a drug/chemical to be recognized by many donors. Recent observations raise the hypothesis that not only the drug/chemical, but also parts of the haptenated protein or peptides may constitute the important structural determinants for antigen recognition by the TCR. These observations may also suggest that in the case of drug/chemical allergy, the T-cell repertoire results from particular properties of certain TCR to recognize hapten-modified peptides without need for previous thymic selection. The aim of this review is to address the existence and the role of a naive T-cell repertoire in drug and chemical allergy. Understanding this role has the potential to reveal efficient strategies not only for allergy diagnosis but also for prediction of the immunogenic potential of new chemicals. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8276071/ /pubmed/34267746 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653102 Text en Copyright © 2021 Bechara, Feray and Pallardy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Bechara, Rami
Feray, Alexia
Pallardy, Marc
Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?
title Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?
title_full Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?
title_fullStr Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?
title_full_unstemmed Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?
title_short Drug and Chemical Allergy: A Role for a Specific Naive T-Cell Repertoire?
title_sort drug and chemical allergy: a role for a specific naive t-cell repertoire?
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34267746
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653102
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