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Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer

M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune...

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Autores principales: Xu, Ning, Dong, Ru-Nan, Lin, Ting-Ting, Lin, Tian, Lin, Yun-Zhi, Chen, Shao-Hao, Zhu, Jun-Ming, Ke, Zhi-Bin, Huang, Fei, Chen, Ye-Hui, Xue, Xue-Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34268107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075
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author Xu, Ning
Dong, Ru-Nan
Lin, Ting-Ting
Lin, Tian
Lin, Yun-Zhi
Chen, Shao-Hao
Zhu, Jun-Ming
Ke, Zhi-Bin
Huang, Fei
Chen, Ye-Hui
Xue, Xue-Yi
author_facet Xu, Ning
Dong, Ru-Nan
Lin, Ting-Ting
Lin, Tian
Lin, Yun-Zhi
Chen, Shao-Hao
Zhu, Jun-Ming
Ke, Zhi-Bin
Huang, Fei
Chen, Ye-Hui
Xue, Xue-Yi
author_sort Xu, Ning
collection PubMed
description M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients.
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spelling pubmed-82761772021-07-14 Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer Xu, Ning Dong, Ru-Nan Lin, Ting-Ting Lin, Tian Lin, Yun-Zhi Chen, Shao-Hao Zhu, Jun-Ming Ke, Zhi-Bin Huang, Fei Chen, Ye-Hui Xue, Xue-Yi Front Oncol Oncology M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8276177/ /pubmed/34268107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075 Text en Copyright © 2021 Xu, Dong, Lin, Lin, Lin, Chen, Zhu, Ke, Huang, Chen and Xue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Xu, Ning
Dong, Ru-Nan
Lin, Ting-Ting
Lin, Tian
Lin, Yun-Zhi
Chen, Shao-Hao
Zhu, Jun-Ming
Ke, Zhi-Bin
Huang, Fei
Chen, Ye-Hui
Xue, Xue-Yi
Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
title Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
title_full Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
title_fullStr Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
title_short Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
title_sort development and validation of novel biomarkers related to m2 macrophages infiltration by weighted gene co-expression network analysis in prostate cancer
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34268107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075
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