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Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer
M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34268107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075 |
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author | Xu, Ning Dong, Ru-Nan Lin, Ting-Ting Lin, Tian Lin, Yun-Zhi Chen, Shao-Hao Zhu, Jun-Ming Ke, Zhi-Bin Huang, Fei Chen, Ye-Hui Xue, Xue-Yi |
author_facet | Xu, Ning Dong, Ru-Nan Lin, Ting-Ting Lin, Tian Lin, Yun-Zhi Chen, Shao-Hao Zhu, Jun-Ming Ke, Zhi-Bin Huang, Fei Chen, Ye-Hui Xue, Xue-Yi |
author_sort | Xu, Ning |
collection | PubMed |
description | M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8276177 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-82761772021-07-14 Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer Xu, Ning Dong, Ru-Nan Lin, Ting-Ting Lin, Tian Lin, Yun-Zhi Chen, Shao-Hao Zhu, Jun-Ming Ke, Zhi-Bin Huang, Fei Chen, Ye-Hui Xue, Xue-Yi Front Oncol Oncology M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work as a promoter in the processes of bone metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and castration resistance in prostate cancer (PCa), but how M2-TAMs affect PCa has not been fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm, based on samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Then we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis to examine the modules concerning infiltrated M2-TAMs. Gene Ontology analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for functional annotation and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The International Cancer Genomics Consortium cohort was used as a validation cohort. The red module showed the most correlation with M2-TAMs in PCa. Biological processes and pathways were mainly associated with the immune-related processes, as revealed by functional annotation. Four hub genes were screened: ACSL1, DLGAP5, KIF23 and NCAPG. Further validation showed that the four hub genes had a higher expression level in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and they were good prognosis biomarkers for PCa. In conclusion, these findings contribute to understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of how M2-TAMs affect PCa, and looking for the potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8276177/ /pubmed/34268107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075 Text en Copyright © 2021 Xu, Dong, Lin, Lin, Lin, Chen, Zhu, Ke, Huang, Chen and Xue https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oncology Xu, Ning Dong, Ru-Nan Lin, Ting-Ting Lin, Tian Lin, Yun-Zhi Chen, Shao-Hao Zhu, Jun-Ming Ke, Zhi-Bin Huang, Fei Chen, Ye-Hui Xue, Xue-Yi Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer |
title | Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer |
title_full | Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer |
title_fullStr | Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer |
title_short | Development and Validation of Novel Biomarkers Related to M2 Macrophages Infiltration by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Prostate Cancer |
title_sort | development and validation of novel biomarkers related to m2 macrophages infiltration by weighted gene co-expression network analysis in prostate cancer |
topic | Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34268107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.634075 |
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