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Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents

IMPORTANCE: Self-harm is a risk factor for suicide in adolescents, with the prevalence highest in young people in group and residential care programs. Although no established risk factors for self-harm exist, adolescents who self-harm may have decreased pain sensitivity, but this has not been system...

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Autores principales: Cummins, Tatum M., English, Oliver, Minnis, Helen, Stahl, Daniel, O’Connor, Rory C., Bannister, Kirsty, McMahon, Stephen B., Ougrin, Dennis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Medical Association 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8278268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34255048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16853
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author Cummins, Tatum M.
English, Oliver
Minnis, Helen
Stahl, Daniel
O’Connor, Rory C.
Bannister, Kirsty
McMahon, Stephen B.
Ougrin, Dennis
author_facet Cummins, Tatum M.
English, Oliver
Minnis, Helen
Stahl, Daniel
O’Connor, Rory C.
Bannister, Kirsty
McMahon, Stephen B.
Ougrin, Dennis
author_sort Cummins, Tatum M.
collection PubMed
description IMPORTANCE: Self-harm is a risk factor for suicide in adolescents, with the prevalence highest in young people in group and residential care programs. Although no established risk factors for self-harm exist, adolescents who self-harm may have decreased pain sensitivity, but this has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess somatosensory function using quantitative sensory testing (QST) in children and adolescents living in care grouped by the number of episodes of self-harm in the past year and compare their somatosensory profiles with community control participants to investigate associations with the incidence or frequency of self-harm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Recruitment for this cross-sectional study began January 2019 and ended March 2020. Exclusion criteria included intellectual disability (intelligence quotient <70), autism spectrum disorder, or recent serious injury. Children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with no underlying health conditions were recruited from local authority residential care settings in Glasgow, UK, and schools and youth groups in London and Glasgow, UK. The volunteer sample of 64 participants included adolescents ages 13 to 17 years (34 [53%] females; 50 [78%] living in residential care; mean [SD] age, 16.34 [1.01] years) with varying incidents of self-harm in the past year (no episodes, 31 [48%]; 1-4 episodes, 12 [19%]; and ≥5 episodes, 2 [33%]). EXPOSURES: Participants were tested using a standardized QST protocol to establish baseline somatosensory function. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Associations between somatosensory sensitivity, incidence and frequency of self-harm, residential status, age, gender, and prescription medication were calculated. Secondary outcomes assessed whether self-harm was associated with specific types of tests (ie, painful or nonpainful). RESULTS: A total of 64 participants ages 13 to 17 years completed testing (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.0] years; 34 [53%.] females and 30 [47%] males; 50 [78%] living in group homes). Adolescents with 5 or more self-harm incidences showed significant pain hyposensitivity compared with community control participants after adjusting for age, gender, and prescription drug use (SH group with 5 or more episodes vs control: −1.03 [95% CI, −1.47 to −0.60]; P < .001). Hyposensitivity also extended to nonpainful stimuli, similarly adjusted (SH group with 5 or more episodes vs control: −1.73; 95% CI, −2.62 to −0.84; P < .001). Pressure pain threshold accounted for most of the observed variance (31.1% [95% CI, 10.5% to 44.7%]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this study suggest that sensory hyposensitivity is a phenotype of Adolescents who self-harm and that pressure pain threshold has clinical potential as a quick, inexpensive, and easily interpreted test to identify adolescents at increased risk of repeated self-harm.
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spelling pubmed-82782682021-07-19 Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents Cummins, Tatum M. English, Oliver Minnis, Helen Stahl, Daniel O’Connor, Rory C. Bannister, Kirsty McMahon, Stephen B. Ougrin, Dennis JAMA Netw Open Original Investigation IMPORTANCE: Self-harm is a risk factor for suicide in adolescents, with the prevalence highest in young people in group and residential care programs. Although no established risk factors for self-harm exist, adolescents who self-harm may have decreased pain sensitivity, but this has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess somatosensory function using quantitative sensory testing (QST) in children and adolescents living in care grouped by the number of episodes of self-harm in the past year and compare their somatosensory profiles with community control participants to investigate associations with the incidence or frequency of self-harm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Recruitment for this cross-sectional study began January 2019 and ended March 2020. Exclusion criteria included intellectual disability (intelligence quotient <70), autism spectrum disorder, or recent serious injury. Children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with no underlying health conditions were recruited from local authority residential care settings in Glasgow, UK, and schools and youth groups in London and Glasgow, UK. The volunteer sample of 64 participants included adolescents ages 13 to 17 years (34 [53%] females; 50 [78%] living in residential care; mean [SD] age, 16.34 [1.01] years) with varying incidents of self-harm in the past year (no episodes, 31 [48%]; 1-4 episodes, 12 [19%]; and ≥5 episodes, 2 [33%]). EXPOSURES: Participants were tested using a standardized QST protocol to establish baseline somatosensory function. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Associations between somatosensory sensitivity, incidence and frequency of self-harm, residential status, age, gender, and prescription medication were calculated. Secondary outcomes assessed whether self-harm was associated with specific types of tests (ie, painful or nonpainful). RESULTS: A total of 64 participants ages 13 to 17 years completed testing (mean [SD] age, 16.3 [1.0] years; 34 [53%.] females and 30 [47%] males; 50 [78%] living in group homes). Adolescents with 5 or more self-harm incidences showed significant pain hyposensitivity compared with community control participants after adjusting for age, gender, and prescription drug use (SH group with 5 or more episodes vs control: −1.03 [95% CI, −1.47 to −0.60]; P < .001). Hyposensitivity also extended to nonpainful stimuli, similarly adjusted (SH group with 5 or more episodes vs control: −1.73; 95% CI, −2.62 to −0.84; P < .001). Pressure pain threshold accounted for most of the observed variance (31.1% [95% CI, 10.5% to 44.7%]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this study suggest that sensory hyposensitivity is a phenotype of Adolescents who self-harm and that pressure pain threshold has clinical potential as a quick, inexpensive, and easily interpreted test to identify adolescents at increased risk of repeated self-harm. American Medical Association 2021-07-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8278268/ /pubmed/34255048 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16853 Text en Copyright 2021 Cummins TM et al. JAMA Network Open. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License.
spellingShingle Original Investigation
Cummins, Tatum M.
English, Oliver
Minnis, Helen
Stahl, Daniel
O’Connor, Rory C.
Bannister, Kirsty
McMahon, Stephen B.
Ougrin, Dennis
Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
title Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
title_full Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
title_fullStr Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
title_short Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
title_sort assessment of somatosensory function and self-harm in adolescents
topic Original Investigation
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8278268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34255048
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16853
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