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A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps

The phage WO was characterized in Wolbachia, a strictly intracellular bacterium causing several reproductive alterations in its arthropod hosts. This study aimed to screen the presence of Wolbachia and phage WO in 15 gall wasp species from six provinces of southern China to investigate their diversi...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Dao-Hong, Su, Cheng-Yuan, Yang, Xiao-Hui, Abe, Yoshihisa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8279768/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276627
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.694115
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author Zhu, Dao-Hong
Su, Cheng-Yuan
Yang, Xiao-Hui
Abe, Yoshihisa
author_facet Zhu, Dao-Hong
Su, Cheng-Yuan
Yang, Xiao-Hui
Abe, Yoshihisa
author_sort Zhu, Dao-Hong
collection PubMed
description The phage WO was characterized in Wolbachia, a strictly intracellular bacterium causing several reproductive alterations in its arthropod hosts. This study aimed to screen the presence of Wolbachia and phage WO in 15 gall wasp species from six provinces of southern China to investigate their diversity and prevalence patterns. A high incidence of Wolbachia infection was determined in the gall wasp species, with an infection rate of 86.7% (13/15). Moreover, seven species had double or multiple infections. All Wolbachia-infected gall wasp species were found to harbor phage WO. The gall wasp species infected with a single Wolbachia strain were found to harbor a single phage WO type. On the contrary, almost all species with double or multiple Wolbachia infections harbored a high level of phage WO diversity (ranging from three to 27 types). Six horizontal transfer events of phage WO in Wolbachia were found to be associated with gall wasps, which shared identical orf7 sequences among their respective accomplices. The transfer potentially took place through gall inducers and associated inquilines infected with or without Wolbachia. Furthermore, 10 putative recombination events were identified from Andricus hakonensis and Andricus sp2, which harbored multiple phage WO types, suggesting that intragenic recombination was the important evolutionary force, which effectively promoted the high level of phage WO diversity associated with gall wasps.
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spelling pubmed-82797682021-07-15 A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps Zhu, Dao-Hong Su, Cheng-Yuan Yang, Xiao-Hui Abe, Yoshihisa Front Microbiol Microbiology The phage WO was characterized in Wolbachia, a strictly intracellular bacterium causing several reproductive alterations in its arthropod hosts. This study aimed to screen the presence of Wolbachia and phage WO in 15 gall wasp species from six provinces of southern China to investigate their diversity and prevalence patterns. A high incidence of Wolbachia infection was determined in the gall wasp species, with an infection rate of 86.7% (13/15). Moreover, seven species had double or multiple infections. All Wolbachia-infected gall wasp species were found to harbor phage WO. The gall wasp species infected with a single Wolbachia strain were found to harbor a single phage WO type. On the contrary, almost all species with double or multiple Wolbachia infections harbored a high level of phage WO diversity (ranging from three to 27 types). Six horizontal transfer events of phage WO in Wolbachia were found to be associated with gall wasps, which shared identical orf7 sequences among their respective accomplices. The transfer potentially took place through gall inducers and associated inquilines infected with or without Wolbachia. Furthermore, 10 putative recombination events were identified from Andricus hakonensis and Andricus sp2, which harbored multiple phage WO types, suggesting that intragenic recombination was the important evolutionary force, which effectively promoted the high level of phage WO diversity associated with gall wasps. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8279768/ /pubmed/34276627 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.694115 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Su, Yang and Abe. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Zhu, Dao-Hong
Su, Cheng-Yuan
Yang, Xiao-Hui
Abe, Yoshihisa
A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps
title A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps
title_full A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps
title_fullStr A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps
title_full_unstemmed A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps
title_short A Case of Intragenic Recombination Dramatically Impacting the Phage WO Genetic Diversity in Gall Wasps
title_sort case of intragenic recombination dramatically impacting the phage wo genetic diversity in gall wasps
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8279768/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34276627
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.694115
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